Personality Analysis

constitution Analysis Shannon C. Chavez PSY/405 March 5, 2013 Dr. Barry Brooks Personality Analysis This paper lead hold singularizedity analysis between the culture theory and the valet de chambreistic and existential theories. The larn theory is referred to as the process by which all man-to-mans learn and how they go out a change or potential change in expression (Feist & Feist, 2000). The learning theories involved be muleteers behavioral analysis, Banduras favorable cognitive theory, and hobo and Mischels cognitive social learning theory.The humanistic border on is focused on the individuals potential and stresses the importance of self-actualization and the belief that people are innately good. Humanistic psychology assumes that genial and social problems are a direct result of anes natural tendencies (Cherry, 2013). Existentialism stresses the importance of free will, freedom of choice by individually individual, and the responsibility one takes on his or he r own life. This theory emphasizes the responsibility each person takes on the choices they make and what they make of themselves (Cherry, 2013).Combining these theories with the knowledge they possess outlines the basic principle of human personality and personality as it develops by the environment, particularly within the social aspect while accommodating the powerful affects of ones own internal conceits. Affects on Situational Behavior According to learning theory, individuals behave according to their environmental, cognitive, and behavioral conditions. In Banduras social cognitive theory, he argues that people can learn impudently information and behaviors by watching what others do.This type of learning known as observational learning is explained in most behaviors (Cherry, 2013). In the behaviorist learning theory, learning takes place by trial and error, with individuals trying different types of behaviors until they engage in one that is reinforcing. Learning theory s tates individuals apply previously learned material as a means to find familiar reward values in similar situations (Feist & Feist, 2009). Behaviors produced within new situations allow the individual to review similar experiences to incur the best course of action and will then choose the one with a similar outcome.In some learning theories, the learner may become passive, then responding to environmental stimulus. Cognitive learning theory assumes all people are logical beings whose behavior is determined by choices that make the most sense to them (Fritscher, 2011). Rotter believed humans interact with their environments through reinforcement. He assumed peoples situational behavior is a combination of their expectations of reinforcement and the amount of influence their needs demand in some(prenominal) given situation.His predictions of human behavior stem from ones expectancy, reinforcement value, behavior potential and psychological situation (Feist and Feist, 2009). Mische ls personality theory suggests that an individuals cognitive activities and situations play a vital role in behavior determination. Although he acknowledged this stability, he explained the environment has a powerful influence on behavior. Others theories suggest people are motivated by particular drives and traits that would make a persons behavior consistent (Feist and Feist, 2009).Humanistic approach from Rogers person-centered theory believes learning is implemented as an act to get together ones fullest potential. The actions of individuals in situational behavior are derived from their potential from which an individual is capable. In humanistic theory, people have cognitive needs by which they respond to certain situations. Within a supportive environment, individuals learn and react appropriately in any situation based on what they have learned previously (Feist and Feist, 2009).According to a humanist approach, responses to a specific situation are directly regarded toward s personal growth fulfillment of current needs and satisfaction (McLeod, 2007). The individual will always respond in a way that will ultimately fulfill current needs. Personality Characteristic of Theories The learning theories suggest that personality is a combination of learned inclinations that continue throughout ones life. Learning theories are believed to have present awareness, which guides the development of personality according to how individuals anticipate specific events, thus ll human behavior is influenced by anticipation (Feist & Feist, 2009). Skinner believed that human behavior was shaped by three forces natural selection, cultural practices, and an individuals history of reinforcements. Ultimately, Skinner believed that ones geographical environment and personal sensual strength helped shape humans personality in general, however, the environment would be vital in the uniqueness of each individuals personality (Feist and Feist, 2009). Skinner defined personality as at best a repertoire of behavior imparted by an organized set of contingencies (2009, p. 72). Bandura described the act of human nature as self-regulating, proactive, self-reflective, and self-organizing (2009, p. 486). He recognized that observational learning allows individuals to learn without performing the behavior. Rotter believed an individuals personal history and experiences was more powerful in shaping their personalities and goals, but emphasized the similarities in everyone, whereas Mischel considered an individuals differences and variations in behavior as more significant.He believed human behavior, through the cognitive-active personality system, adapts to the interaction of inactive personality traits and the situation, which includes a number of personal variables (2009, p. 546). Kellys theory explains the idea that all people anticipate events by the meanings placed on those events and believes these constructs of the world are how an individuals behavior is sh aped. People see the world in their own way and believe that every construction is open to revision (Feist and Feist, 2009).Skinners learning theories have been criticized for neither accommodating individual differences, intelligence, genetic factors, nor the whole realm of personality (2009, p. 472). Humanistic psychology believes in the natural drive toward personal development, and the idea that people make decisions regardless of environmental factors. Free will is one of the most important factors in the development of ones personality, and the drive toward self-actualization is a powerful motivation for the creation of ones personality (Feist and Feist, 2009).According to the idea behind humanism, people make their own choices and are actively involved in the creation of their personalities. Rollo May theory includes three relationships that form the basis for personality ones relationship with the environment, with others, and with oneself. The influence of all three relatio nships helps create and contributes to the personalitys ongoing reconstruction (Feist Feist, 2009). Maslow believed that biologic components provided the basic parameter for the individual however, environmental and cultural affects shaped the ego identity or personality (Feist Feist, 2009).Explanation of Interpersonal Relations The humanist/existential eyeshot assumed people associated with others to engage in productive and healthy relationships, although ultimately, they may be alone. Maslow believed in fulfilling love and belongingness first and fulfilling this was a primal need modify by friendship, family, having a mate, and ultimately maintaining associations with others. He proposed fulfillment at this level was essential for other levels of human success, through his hierarchy of needs (Feist Feist, 2009).Rogers believed growing up in a loving environment, having a caregiver who had positive regards, fostered positive self-regard, which in turn promotes psychological growth. Positive experiences from others are also essential for an individuals development in mental health, thus success towards self-actualization (Cherry, 2013). Mays existentialism proposed that even though people associate with others, forming healthy relationships, they would ultimately choose who and what they will become.The basic idea of humanism and existentialism views interpersonal relationships as an integral part of human life. Humanism views interpersonal relationships as an important factor in the development of personality. Maslow believed once an individuals fulfillment of interpersonal relationships was completed, they will have more confidence and esteem in social situations and will experience the reciprocity of love from those of importance to them (Feist and Feist, 2009).From a learning perspective, people tend to associate with others because they receive some type of reward for doing so. Humans originally make groups within their families to use as protecti on from enemy tribes and animals. This happens today when people form associations with those of the same interest group and are reinforced for the particular behaviors of that group. veritable(a) when not reinforced, people will continue to maintain close associations because of personal connections within the group from which they receive reinforcement (Feist & Feist, 2009).Social constructivism is defined as the knowledge, behavior, and personality constructed from social interactions and people build new ideas and concepts that are based on current and past knowledge or experience (Feist & Feist, 2009). Bandura believed people learn from their experiences, although much of human learning is taken from the observation of others. Rotter believed human behavior is best predicted from an concord of the interaction of people with their meaningful environments (2009, p. 510).Mischel also believed that an essential component of ones personality development was dependent on observatio ns of others within the environment. Mischel and Rotter stressed the importance of learning within a social context, but Mischel proceed to maintain his belief in the importance of genetic factors in the development of personality. Kelly believed social influences were much more significant in determining ones personality than biological ones. He believed humans are influenced by each other and in constructing their own personality, involving other influences from the environment (Feist and Feist, 2009).Kelly stated the actions of others do not mold their behavior rather, it is their interpretation of events that changes their behavior (2009, p. 572). Conclusion Learning theories define learning and its resulting behavior and personality as a response to the environment in which its consumed including biological considerations, whereas humanistic theory believes in a greater tendency for internal human drive toward a goal and ultimately self-actualization.The different perspectives regarding the effectiveness of personalities on situational behavior, the distinct characteristics of personality and human nature, and the understanding of interpersonal relations all provide an abundance of thought and a more dimensional understanding of humanity within psychological thought process and its applications toward humankind. References Cherry, K. (2013). What is Existentialism? Retrieved from http//psychology. about. com/od/eindex/g/def_existential. htm Cherry, K. (2013).Humanistic Psychology the Third Force in Psychology. Retrieved from http//psychology. about. com/od/historyofpsychology/a/hist_humanistic. htm Feist, J. and Feist, G. (2009) Theories of Personality (7th ed. ). Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook Collection online. New York McGraw Hill Fritscher, L. (2011). Cognitive Theory. Retrieved from http//phobias. about. com/od/glossary/g/cognitivethedef. htm McLeod, S. (2007). Humanism. Simply Psychology. Retrieved from http//www. simplypsychology. org/humanistic. html