The Powerful Voice of Kurtz in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Essay

The Powerful Voice of Kurtz in Conrads Heart of Darkness Many times, oral communication by themselves do not convey an idea wholly or conceal it altogether. Instead, the enunciate carrying the words conveys the idea, lending shape and new meaning to the beaten(prenominal) syllables. Words resonate with prescribed meanings, whereas voice creates its own meaning and identity. In Conrads Heart of Darkness, voice comprises the primitive component of language, with words existing just as a secondary function of voice. Glimpsing a primitive truth, Kurtzs voice and soul unite so that his knowledge speaks through his voice, rather than through his words. Alternately flowing words of their meaning and filling them with new meaning, Kurtzs voice contains the power to define his own words. Strip Kurtz of his common syllables, and what remains is a terse note in a margin of seventeen eloquent pages, a frightening voice shaped by unfamiliar words. Marlow first hears of Kurtz as a word repea tedly spoken by others. As Marlow navigates down the river, traveling farther from civilization, Kurtzs voice amplifies, ultimately consuming the name and the human being himself.The voice of Kurtz is heard and realized not in the familiar words of others, but in the journey down the river into the unknown. Peoples inability to allege Kurtzs name suggests the authenticity of Kurtzs own voice and the weakness of the words used to describe him. When describing Kurtz, familiar vocabulary fails altogether Kurtz remains a word with little meaning. Marlow first hears of Kurtz from the Companys chief accountant at Outer Station. When asked who Kurtz is, the accountant responds, He is a very remarkable individual (37).* The accountant does not mention his name without adding t... ...r. The structure of words and the report are unable to contain his voice. Like Kurtzs last words, these simultaneously drain all meaning from words and add their own new meaning, highlighting only lies.In Ge rman kurtz means short. What Kurtz actually says is plain and terse, but appalling. It is not hidden behind words, but revealed within Kurtzs own voice and scribbled in margins. However, it is the voiceless words, the written words, the lies, and not the note scribbled by his own voice that Kurtz asks Marlow to preserve. By wanting to preserve his report, Kurtz acknowledges the power of written words. He knows that besides Marlows memory, writing is the only thing that can begin to immortalize him. But, perhaps, Kurtzs knowledge is meant to die along with his voice. Works Cited* Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness (London Penguin Books, 1995).

Terrorism Essay: American Gestapo :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

American Gestapo   A land that calls itself the Beacon of Freedom and Democracy has crazy ways of demonstrating the accuracy of this claim. Tuesday its leader signed an executive order to the defense part that allows suspected terrorists to be tried by US military courts in US or abroad (provided the suspects be not US citizens). The orders are verbalise to include people who have aided or abetted terrorists or those aiming to to shake up injury to the United States, its citizens, national security, foreign policy or economy. It is not practicable... it says, to put one across ...the principles of law and the rules of evidence generally recognized... The military tribunals will be allowed secret, closed(a) hearings and can sentence suspects by a majority of two thirds of the judges (US officers of the build up forces). Same majority is needed to give the verdict of execution. No spell is possible.   First we have the interesting fact that even though the Declarati on of freedom, so hallowed by US of A, says that all men are created equal it seems very clear that to the present regime US citizens are to a greater extent equal than non-citizens. Secondly, the notion that US arrogantly claims the right to set up military tribunals on foreign soil, secretly or not, to try foreign nationals, is an set on to all democratically minded people around throughout world with more than the faintest notion of rightfulness and justice. Thirdly the sweeping powers of the tribunals will be on a scale inviting the police fascist state to emerge without many(prenominal) to stop it.   The Gestapo in Nazi Germany had those kinds of powers. There was no appeal to verdicts and decisions were made in secret by people there to defend the state against terrorists and separate enemies. In combination with all the other anti-terrorist laws (and secret orders), that have been signed by the US president, its defense Secretary and Secretary of Justice, that dis card like drawn stationery many amendments in the Bill of Rights (wiretapping, spying, searches, detention etc), this order adds to the undermining of the foundation of legality in a way that can be used by unscrupulous men to limit the freedoms of citizens in pursuing their own agenda. Gestapo didnt discriminate amidst nationals and non-nationals, btw.   It is not unknown that certain states have decided, usually after meetings with some high-ranking military or politicians, to execute people considered to be a jeopardy to the nation, the system or the regime.Terrorism Essay American Gestapo Argumentative smooth-tongued Topics American Gestapo   A land that calls itself the Beacon of Freedom and Democracy has strange ways of demonstrating the accuracy of this claim. Tuesday its leader signed an executive order to the defense department that allows suspected terrorists to be tried by US military courts in US or abroad (provided the suspects are not US citizens). The orders are said to include people who have aided or abetted terrorists or those aiming to to cause injury to the United States, its citizens, national security, foreign policy or economy. It is not practicable... it says, to apply ...the principles of law and the rules of evidence generally recognized... The military tribunals will be allowed secret, closed hearings and can sentence suspects by a majority of two thirds of the judges (US officers of the armed forces). Same majority is needed to give the verdict of execution. No appeal is possible.   First we have the interesting fact that even though the Declaration of Independence, so hallowed by US of A, says that all men are created equal it seems very clear that to the present regime US citizens are more equal than non-citizens. Secondly, the notion that US arrogantly claims the right to set up military tribunals on foreign soil, secretly or not, to try foreign nationals, is an outrage to all democratically minded people ar ound throughout world with more than the faintest notion of legality and justice. Thirdly the sweeping powers of the tribunals will be on a scale inviting the police fascist state to emerge without much to stop it.   The Gestapo in Nazi Germany had those kinds of powers. There was no appeal to verdicts and decisions were made in secret by people there to defend the state against terrorists and other enemies. In combination with all the other anti-terrorist laws (and secret orders), that have been signed by the US president, its defense Secretary and Secretary of Justice, that discard like wasted stationery many amendments in the Bill of Rights (wiretapping, spying, searches, detention etc), this order adds to the undermining of the foundation of legality in a way that can be used by unscrupulous men to limit the freedoms of citizens in pursuing their own agenda. Gestapo didnt discriminate between nationals and non-nationals, btw.   It is not unknown that certain states hav e decided, usually after meetings with some high-ranking military or politicians, to execute people considered to be a danger to the nation, the system or the regime.

Fitting In in the book I Want to Be Miss America Essay examples -- Jul

In I Want to Be Miss America, Julia Alv atomic number 18z examines her adolescent struggle to be American. For Alvarez, her Hispanic culture becomes a burden to her inclusion in American society. So, Alvarez and her sisters, struggle to become what they are not, Americans. Alvarez uses a somewhat biased stereotype to identify the model of an ideal American, exactly she does make clear. The struggle of all American teenagers to fit into or molded by a standard which for many of them is impossible to achieve. Relating to Alvarez and her struggle is very blue-blooded and well known in every generation. Society puts a ridiculous high standard on outer appearances, especially for girls and women. Women grasp the perspective of the standards that are set and put them into drive. Women become stressed, emotional, and nutcases because they want to please others instead of pleasing themselves. In some cases, women have died trying to live up to these cust omaries, if not turn dangerously ill. As a young lady, knowing what could happen, frightens but doesnt phase me. Wi...

Qualitative Research Critique Essay -- Advanced Nursing Research

Article CitationGilmartin, J. (2003). Day surgery Patients perceptions of a nurse-led preadmission clinic. Journal of Clinical Nursing 13, 243-250.Initial ReactionThis research article is from the UK and the generator questions if the findings from this study will have heuristic relevance and applicability to nursing and healthcare in the United States (U.S.). Primary healthcare in the UK is provided through the bailiwick Health Service (NHS) this writer has little knowledge as to how it works and its cushion on patient care and nursing. This limited knowledge may expose bias in this critique.Descriptive VividnessThe significance of this study is to determine if a preadmission clinic process can be developed and implemented to positively impact the physical, psychological, and social healthcare needs of patients undergoing day surgery. The purpose of this study is to elucidate patients perceptions of the preassessment planning prior to day surgery (Gilmartin, 2003, p. 244). This researcher identifies four themes related to patients perceptions of the preassessment preparation prior to day surgery efficient functioning, assessment of patient suitability, the visualise of information giving, and the enigma of cancellation. Minimal excerpts are provided for three of the four themes the fourth theme, the problem of cancellation is completely in narrative format. Although the emphasis of the findings was on the majority of excerpts, this researcher included negative case studies under two themes efficient functioning and the experience of information giving. Efficient functioning was described by the majority of participants as being provided to in a timely manner, in contrast some (numbers non men... .... This study could have been improved by expanding the sample group from various preassessment clinics and to include diverse ethnicities and representation across various surgical specialties. In addition, other credible author would have increas ed trustworthiness of the entire study. This writer suggests the study be replicated in the U.S., with the suggested enhancements, for application in the U.S. healthcare system. Works CitedBurns, N., & Grove, S.K. (2009). The practice session of nursing research Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO Saunders Elsevier.Gilmartin, J. (2003). Day surgery Patients perceptions of a nurse-led preadmission clinic. Journal of Clinical Nursing 13, 243-250.Tappen, R.M. (2011). Advanced nursing research From scheme to practice. Sudbury, MA Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Gender Roles In Star Trek Next Generation Essay -- essays research pap

     In 1966 a series called " hero Trek" was executed. Its creator, Gene Roddenberry, did not create the show to be a science fiction series. The series was much deeper than that. It wasnt just about discovering new planets and civilizations. It was about controversial issues. Even though the series orchestrate place in the 23rd and 24th century the issues struck with the times and related current issues. Through each series, The Original, following(a) Generation, Deep Space golf-club and Voyager, there has been progression with the times and the issues. The issues that surround the episodes of Star Trek include race, religion, sexuality, the depiction of science and gender roles. The central focus being talked about in this paper will be gender roles. Gender roles in Star Trek deal with leadership and sexuality.      hands and women have had different roles in Star Trek as well as different progressions. Men in Star Trek have al ways had a leadership role. In the captain series the four main characters are men. The captain, Kirk, the second in command, Spock, the doctor, Bones or McCoy, and the head engineering officer Scotty are all men. In the Next Generation series there is Captain Picard, the second in command, Riker, and there are others engineering roles played by Warf and Data who are all men. In the Deep Space Nine series Captain Sisko and the head engineer is male. In Voyager the second in command, Chakotay, as well as Tuvok, a Vulcan Spock the like character, and Neelix, the cook are all men. Women in Star Trek have made a real progression, at least more then Men have. When men are already at the top having leadership roles theres no place to go but down. This isnt necessarily there work performance or merit is going down but the womens performance, merit and acceptance going up. The women of Star Trek started at the bottom and could only go up. The original series did have one woman in a featu re role. Uhura was the head communication officer, yet her role was really more of a secretary and didnt really have many lines and if she did they werent very lengthy, nothing much more than, "Yes captain." In the Next Generation series the women started to move farther up the leadership ladder. The women starring roles were Beverly Crusher, the doctor, and Diana Troy, the counselor. In Deep Space Nin... ...s. Women usually arent as forward and her forwardness gives the essence of a male fantasy, the female making the moves on the male. Males and females are well-nigh in pursuit of a mate, however males are usually the gender that make the first move. When the female shows immediate and obvious signs of interest, males in general study of it as something with no real challenge and therefore no real commitment. This presents a good time for the crowd of men in 10 Forward. grammatical gender plays a big part in gender roles.     In Star Trek Next Genera tion one of biggest issues is gender roles. Sexuality has played a little role in Star Trek. It showed a woman whos only single-valued function in life was for procreation. Although her actions were abnormal for a woman, it is the only real purpose of both genders. Survival is the goal of both genders and that is done through procreation. Also, men have always had leadership roles in Star Trek since the beginning of the series. Women, however have had to work there way up the leadership ladder. Their roles have been equal to the times or slightly pushing forward a bit, which has been the approximately important part of gender roles in Star Trek.

Money Past and Present. Essay -- History Trade Economics Papers

Money Past and Present.Money as a medium of exchange in trade wind and trade has always in all times found expression in some form or other from necessity thereof. In the remotest periods, forward gold or silver were generally in use, it took the form of animals, oxen, sheep, lambs, shells, etc. Thus we find used cattle in Germany, leather in Rome, popsicle in the West Indies, shells in Siam, lead in Burmah, platinum in Russia, tin in Great Britain, iron and nails in Scotland, brass in China, and ultimately copper, silver and gold the world over.If we look up the sacred writings in quest of the earliest use of money quoted therein, we will find that the rule book mentions gold as a medium of value in the very eldest book of Moses which according to modern synchronology, would be about 4,000 years in front the time of Christ, or almost 6,000 years ago. Namely, Genesis, Chapter II, 10, 11, 12. And a river went out of Eden, and the land of Haviliah, where there is gold and the go ld of that land is good. Hence Adam and Eve could take in found gold in Haviliah just the same as we do in the Yukon today. Immediately thereafter brass and iron are mentioned, Genesis, Chapter IV, 22. And Zillah she bare Tubal-Cain an teacher of every artificer in brass and iron. Tubal-Cain, son of Iamech, a descendant of Cain, apparently was the first man to shape metals into articles of use and probably our very first goldsmith and jeweler.Silver is first mentioned in the Bible in the time of Abram, Genesis, Chapter XIII, 2, Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver and gold. The earliest mention of the sound out money occurs in Genesis, Chapter XVII, 12, 13, 23, He that is born in the house or bought with money. The first use of earrings and bracelets appears in Genesi... ...uctions are from photographs of the original coins and are fully explained as to their metal, denomination, country, etc., by the description printed with each plate.This, then, is the story of money -- ho w it came to be -- what it is today.BIBLIOGRAPHY.Bressett, K.1991. Collectible American Coins. Publication International, Ltd., Lincolnwood, IL.Genesis, 1971. Ch. II, 10, 11, 13 Ch. XXIV, 22, 30 Ch. IV, 22 Ch. XIII, 2, Ch. VII, 22, in The Holy Bible, rewrite Standard Version. Teaneck, NJ Collins/Cokesbury.Mehl, M, 2004. A History Of Money. The Star Rare Coin Encyclopedia and Premium Catalog. The Numismatic Company of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas.Seidler, N., 1965. The Story of Money. Western publishing Company, INC., USA.Yeoman, R., 2003. A Guide Book of US Coins. Whitman Publishing, LLC., Atlanta, GA.http//www.mfa.org/handbook/classic

Personality Analysis

constitution Analysis Shannon C. Chavez PSY/405 March 5, 2013 Dr. Barry Brooks Personality Analysis This paper lead hold singularizedity analysis between the culture theory and the valet de chambreistic and existential theories. The larn theory is referred to as the process by which all man-to-mans learn and how they go out a change or potential change in expression (Feist & Feist, 2000). The learning theories involved be muleteers behavioral analysis, Banduras favorable cognitive theory, and hobo and Mischels cognitive social learning theory.The humanistic border on is focused on the individuals potential and stresses the importance of self-actualization and the belief that people are innately good. Humanistic psychology assumes that genial and social problems are a direct result of anes natural tendencies (Cherry, 2013). Existentialism stresses the importance of free will, freedom of choice by individually individual, and the responsibility one takes on his or he r own life. This theory emphasizes the responsibility each person takes on the choices they make and what they make of themselves (Cherry, 2013).Combining these theories with the knowledge they possess outlines the basic principle of human personality and personality as it develops by the environment, particularly within the social aspect while accommodating the powerful affects of ones own internal conceits. Affects on Situational Behavior According to learning theory, individuals behave according to their environmental, cognitive, and behavioral conditions. In Banduras social cognitive theory, he argues that people can learn impudently information and behaviors by watching what others do.This type of learning known as observational learning is explained in most behaviors (Cherry, 2013). In the behaviorist learning theory, learning takes place by trial and error, with individuals trying different types of behaviors until they engage in one that is reinforcing. Learning theory s tates individuals apply previously learned material as a means to find familiar reward values in similar situations (Feist & Feist, 2009). Behaviors produced within new situations allow the individual to review similar experiences to incur the best course of action and will then choose the one with a similar outcome.In some learning theories, the learner may become passive, then responding to environmental stimulus. Cognitive learning theory assumes all people are logical beings whose behavior is determined by choices that make the most sense to them (Fritscher, 2011). Rotter believed humans interact with their environments through reinforcement. He assumed peoples situational behavior is a combination of their expectations of reinforcement and the amount of influence their needs demand in some(prenominal) given situation.His predictions of human behavior stem from ones expectancy, reinforcement value, behavior potential and psychological situation (Feist and Feist, 2009). Mische ls personality theory suggests that an individuals cognitive activities and situations play a vital role in behavior determination. Although he acknowledged this stability, he explained the environment has a powerful influence on behavior. Others theories suggest people are motivated by particular drives and traits that would make a persons behavior consistent (Feist and Feist, 2009).Humanistic approach from Rogers person-centered theory believes learning is implemented as an act to get together ones fullest potential. The actions of individuals in situational behavior are derived from their potential from which an individual is capable. In humanistic theory, people have cognitive needs by which they respond to certain situations. Within a supportive environment, individuals learn and react appropriately in any situation based on what they have learned previously (Feist and Feist, 2009).According to a humanist approach, responses to a specific situation are directly regarded toward s personal growth fulfillment of current needs and satisfaction (McLeod, 2007). The individual will always respond in a way that will ultimately fulfill current needs. Personality Characteristic of Theories The learning theories suggest that personality is a combination of learned inclinations that continue throughout ones life. Learning theories are believed to have present awareness, which guides the development of personality according to how individuals anticipate specific events, thus ll human behavior is influenced by anticipation (Feist & Feist, 2009). Skinner believed that human behavior was shaped by three forces natural selection, cultural practices, and an individuals history of reinforcements. Ultimately, Skinner believed that ones geographical environment and personal sensual strength helped shape humans personality in general, however, the environment would be vital in the uniqueness of each individuals personality (Feist and Feist, 2009). Skinner defined personality as at best a repertoire of behavior imparted by an organized set of contingencies (2009, p. 72). Bandura described the act of human nature as self-regulating, proactive, self-reflective, and self-organizing (2009, p. 486). He recognized that observational learning allows individuals to learn without performing the behavior. Rotter believed an individuals personal history and experiences was more powerful in shaping their personalities and goals, but emphasized the similarities in everyone, whereas Mischel considered an individuals differences and variations in behavior as more significant.He believed human behavior, through the cognitive-active personality system, adapts to the interaction of inactive personality traits and the situation, which includes a number of personal variables (2009, p. 546). Kellys theory explains the idea that all people anticipate events by the meanings placed on those events and believes these constructs of the world are how an individuals behavior is sh aped. People see the world in their own way and believe that every construction is open to revision (Feist and Feist, 2009).Skinners learning theories have been criticized for neither accommodating individual differences, intelligence, genetic factors, nor the whole realm of personality (2009, p. 472). Humanistic psychology believes in the natural drive toward personal development, and the idea that people make decisions regardless of environmental factors. Free will is one of the most important factors in the development of ones personality, and the drive toward self-actualization is a powerful motivation for the creation of ones personality (Feist and Feist, 2009).According to the idea behind humanism, people make their own choices and are actively involved in the creation of their personalities. Rollo May theory includes three relationships that form the basis for personality ones relationship with the environment, with others, and with oneself. The influence of all three relatio nships helps create and contributes to the personalitys ongoing reconstruction (Feist Feist, 2009). Maslow believed that biologic components provided the basic parameter for the individual however, environmental and cultural affects shaped the ego identity or personality (Feist Feist, 2009).Explanation of Interpersonal Relations The humanist/existential eyeshot assumed people associated with others to engage in productive and healthy relationships, although ultimately, they may be alone. Maslow believed in fulfilling love and belongingness first and fulfilling this was a primal need modify by friendship, family, having a mate, and ultimately maintaining associations with others. He proposed fulfillment at this level was essential for other levels of human success, through his hierarchy of needs (Feist Feist, 2009).Rogers believed growing up in a loving environment, having a caregiver who had positive regards, fostered positive self-regard, which in turn promotes psychological growth. Positive experiences from others are also essential for an individuals development in mental health, thus success towards self-actualization (Cherry, 2013). Mays existentialism proposed that even though people associate with others, forming healthy relationships, they would ultimately choose who and what they will become.The basic idea of humanism and existentialism views interpersonal relationships as an integral part of human life. Humanism views interpersonal relationships as an important factor in the development of personality. Maslow believed once an individuals fulfillment of interpersonal relationships was completed, they will have more confidence and esteem in social situations and will experience the reciprocity of love from those of importance to them (Feist and Feist, 2009).From a learning perspective, people tend to associate with others because they receive some type of reward for doing so. Humans originally make groups within their families to use as protecti on from enemy tribes and animals. This happens today when people form associations with those of the same interest group and are reinforced for the particular behaviors of that group. veritable(a) when not reinforced, people will continue to maintain close associations because of personal connections within the group from which they receive reinforcement (Feist & Feist, 2009).Social constructivism is defined as the knowledge, behavior, and personality constructed from social interactions and people build new ideas and concepts that are based on current and past knowledge or experience (Feist & Feist, 2009). Bandura believed people learn from their experiences, although much of human learning is taken from the observation of others. Rotter believed human behavior is best predicted from an concord of the interaction of people with their meaningful environments (2009, p. 510).Mischel also believed that an essential component of ones personality development was dependent on observatio ns of others within the environment. Mischel and Rotter stressed the importance of learning within a social context, but Mischel proceed to maintain his belief in the importance of genetic factors in the development of personality. Kelly believed social influences were much more significant in determining ones personality than biological ones. He believed humans are influenced by each other and in constructing their own personality, involving other influences from the environment (Feist and Feist, 2009).Kelly stated the actions of others do not mold their behavior rather, it is their interpretation of events that changes their behavior (2009, p. 572). Conclusion Learning theories define learning and its resulting behavior and personality as a response to the environment in which its consumed including biological considerations, whereas humanistic theory believes in a greater tendency for internal human drive toward a goal and ultimately self-actualization.The different perspectives regarding the effectiveness of personalities on situational behavior, the distinct characteristics of personality and human nature, and the understanding of interpersonal relations all provide an abundance of thought and a more dimensional understanding of humanity within psychological thought process and its applications toward humankind. References Cherry, K. (2013). What is Existentialism? Retrieved from http//psychology. about. com/od/eindex/g/def_existential. htm Cherry, K. (2013).Humanistic Psychology the Third Force in Psychology. Retrieved from http//psychology. about. com/od/historyofpsychology/a/hist_humanistic. htm Feist, J. and Feist, G. (2009) Theories of Personality (7th ed. ). Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook Collection online. New York McGraw Hill Fritscher, L. (2011). Cognitive Theory. Retrieved from http//phobias. about. com/od/glossary/g/cognitivethedef. htm McLeod, S. (2007). Humanism. Simply Psychology. Retrieved from http//www. simplypsychology. org/humanistic. html

Music Appreciation Lab Questions Essay

This is the second lab assignment for the Fine Art Survey class. The marry in blue has a set of questions beneath it. Open the link and watch the video. **Note that the link opens up a new browser window.Please answer the questions on this document and submit the work as peerless file attachment. This means you complete all work in one word processing document (e.g., Microsoft Word) and attach the file using the dropbox tool.The answers to the lab questions atomic number 18 worth 80 points.80-74=A73-68=B67-60=C59-54=D53 or less = FLab QuestionsVisit Divas and Superstars and watch the shows video. (If you have trouble with the link, put this website into the address pub http//video.pbs.org/video/1300186085/ )1. Who sang at the Grammys in Spanish in the late 1990s? What was the reaction? Ricky Martin sang in Spanish at the Grammys. the conclave and battalion watching at home loved it. It was widely supported and accepted. 2. When did Latin medicine burst hold on the scene? What song brought it back to the mainstream? What effect did it have? Latin music bursted back on the scene in 1984. Conga by Gloria Estefan & the Miami Sound car brought back Latin music back to the mainstream. It defined Latin pop music by mixing a Latin beat with English words. 3. How did the sounds of salsa change?The sounds of salsa changed because it was starting to be amalgamated with pop, R&B, etc., so that more people could understand it. 4. What was the influence of CBS Latin division on the explosion of Latin music in the US? CBS Latin division supported and sponsored Latin music and helped it in its growth across America. 5. Who were some of the artists who brought together Latin influenced music with mainstream pop music? Jenifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, Ricky Martin, and Gloria Stefan & the Miami Sound Machine were some of the artists that brought together Latin influenced music with the mainstream pop music. 6. Why did the Latin music influence decrease?The Latin music influ ence decreased people started becoming more modernized and less people could understand the music. 7. What was Reggaeton?Reggaeton was a mixture of the Jamacian Dem Bow beat mixed with Puerto Rican and Latin beats. 8. What other types of music are being influenced by Latin music? Hip-Hop, rap, pop, and rock are all types of music being influenced by Latin music.

Opinions and Social Pressure Essay

Asch in his essay Opinions and Social Pressure conducted an audition to determine effects of group pressure towards an individual and concluded that in that location is a very strong tendency to residence even when doing so conflicting with their own senses of morality. In the experiment a group of young students befuddle to comp atomic number 18 length of lines on two different sheets of paper. On star of them there is a sample single line and on the other one there are three lines only one of which is same size of it as the sample line from the first sheet.People taking part in this experiment are instructed to point at lines that are the same length. At first, during the experiment the group is unanimous in their answers and chooses the correct line, but later on the person that sits near to the end of the line in which people taking part in the experiment are sited, selects different answers then the succour of the group. As the experiment continues and the situation repea ts, the isolated in selecting different than the majority answers person shows signs of feeling uncomfortable in position of dissenter.What he doesnt know is that the rest of the group is instructed to give wrong answers while the experiment is conducted. The single individual is placed in the minority while actually giving the correct answers. Subjects of this experiment could act independently or they could go along with majoritys smell. A prominent percentage yielded. Under the majority pressure people are more likely to accept the misleading information. There are extreme examples of totally independent individuals as well as people who totally sum with the majority almost most of the time and the tendency is highly consistent.After reconstructing the experiment the next question for the scientist to answer is which aspect of influence is more important, the size of majority or its unanimity. It turns out, that the majority size makes a difference only to the point where major ity group involves three people. Making the majority any big would not influence on the error rate for the answers in the experiment. Breaking up unanimity of the group in given answers has a significant effect. In the experiment it is also noted that the rate of wrong answers depends to a considerable degree on how wrong the majority is.Even with significant difference in length of lines there were still individuals who agree with majority error. For those participating in this experiment almost all declare that independence was preferable to conformity. Life in society requires consensus as an indispensable conditions. But consensus, to be productive, requires that each individual contribute independently out of his experience and insight. () We have found that tendency to conformity in our society so strong that reasonably and well- meaning young people are willing to call white black is a division of concern (Salomon E.Asch Opinion and Social Pressure pp. 730). The experiment has proven that we live in times where opinion become very subjective and can be easily modified. Social techniques are wildly used in marketing and sales or even by lobbyist in g everywherenmental decision fashioning process. The uncertainty of people own senses, opinion or knowledge can be easily abused. Aschs experiment implements how people believe in the distinct lies. Its shows simple ways of influencing perception, judgment and action. Results of this experiment trigger a number of social and scientifically researches like study of Berns G.S. (2005) (Neurobiological Correlates of Social Conformity and license During Mental Rotation, Biological Psychiatry, 58(3), pp 245-253), that explains decision fashioning influence on very profound level. It proves that social mechanisms of authority have an effect not only on individual behavior but it also effects brain chemistry. Resources Opinions and Social Pressure / by Solomon E. Asch Berns G. S. (2005) (Neurobiological Correlat es of Social Conformity and Independence During Mental Rotation, Biological Psychiatry, 58(3), pp 245-253) answer ParagraphI was very surprised by the results of Aschs experiment. I always knew that the opinion of the group counts and its important to most of us, but would neer except that the scale and strength of decision making influence techniques can be so large and effective. Society faces many different forms and techniques of decision making influences that were developed from results of the Aschs experiment. This techniques share common goals which are to make society to obey and find the best ways to achieve social conformity.On overbearing side, conformity can be used to create predictability references or to organize a convenient social structure that doesnt require constant renegotiations. On the negative side, its a key to a great power over social behavior and actions. This raise questions over morality and responsibility over the actions that could be caused by ma nipulations. If the study was conducted on contemporary society the results wouldnt be much different if not even showing stronger tendency to conformity. nutrition in the age of social media, mass communication networks and globalization concepts individuals are more pressured to obey, to be a part of events or actions not truly and not only by their free will. The study indicates that in big majority people are followers and they tend to obey authority and follow the opinion of majority. Awareness of how humans tend to obey comes with some tips on how we can protect ourselves from external influence. Cultivating a healthy skepticism and exercising active multifariousness in our behavior make us less vulnerable to prospective social experiments.

History of Carphone Warehouse plc Essay

The Carphone Ware domicile free radical plc also known as The Carphone Ware base (or The telephony House in the rest of Europe), is Europes largest independent mobile phone retailer, with 2144 retail ancestrys across Europe. They sell both contract mobile phones and pay as you go mobile phones and now tablets, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the iPad and Samsung Galaxy Tab and also E-Readers. The head office of The Carphone Warehouse Group plc is based in London, United Kingdom.At the current moment in time, The Carphone Warehouse is doing an upgrade in most of the retail stores. They are changing the products they sell, to include Laptops and Game Consoles however these products are still available at separate stores but only with contract phones and non to pay outright. These in the altogether stores are called Wireless stores as they are meant to represent the future of the home with wireless applied science such as the Sonos music system.There are currently only 20 of the se stores in the UK and Milton Keynes is one of the 20 stores. In each Wireless store there is a 3rd party company called Geek Squad, which in the UK is half owned by CPW plc, which is technical support and insurance used by The Carphone Warehouse and Best Buy UK.Ethos, House Style and Existing PublicationsThe Philosophy of Carphone Warehouse isAs a new generation retailer, we aim to exceed our guests expectations by providing an innovative approach to service. To stay at the front of this dynamic and rapidly moving industry, we constantly develop new ideas and services for our clients. These do not always come from the top and we rely on people throughout the business to maintain our high standards. By incorporating new ideas in sell and new technologies, we incur created a stimulating and rewarding environment for all of our employees.The ethos of The Carphone Warehouse is to provide a friendly customer servicewhile meeting the technical needs of the customer in regards to mob ile phones, tablets and laptops. This is done through the employees of the company who are all friendly and have been on an extensive customer service training course for two days either in London, UK or Preston, UK.The Carphone Warehouse uses galore(postnominal) different ways to communicate to the general earth and their staff. The main way in regards with its customers is in the monthly magazines. The company also sends out a report to the shareholders every 6 months and an end of year fiscal report every year. Also everyone who full treatment in the company has a business mailing which is personalized to them while meeting the companys house dah.The monthly magazines are A4 sizing and consist of 36 foliates. In the magazines the logo is always at the top left corner of the page with the date in the opposite side. On the bottom of most of the pages have the phone number and website, so the customer locoweed find it easily and quickly and also the page number in the same si ze and text font.Most of the other documents, like letters and business cards have the Carphone Warehouse logo in the top right corner of the page. On the top left corner of the page is the Queens Coat of Arms. The rachisground of the logo is a ignominious Blue which the colour code red 11, green 40 and blue 80. The light blue underline is made from red 121, green 209 and blue 206. The exsanguinous text is made from red, green and blue at 255. The sizes of the business cards are the same size as a credit/debit card so that they fit into a person wallet easily. On the back of the business cards is writing saying the 5 fundamental rules of Carphone Warehouse Group plc. This is how things should be done at Carphone Warehouse and every employee MUST stick to the rules.However in the current informationbase, the house is nonexistent as the house style used in the database doesnt match the rest of the companys house style. exploiter RequirementsBackgroundThe current problem with Carp hone Warehouses database is that the functions the database can do has been changed so much that old functions are still on the database but do nothing. Another problem with the current database is that the system is often retard due to the fact that the computer has to load function that does not work anymore.Because the database was built over several years, not all parts of the system works together, so the user of the database has to copy data from one database to another which can take time.Expected Outcomes/ Aims and ObjectivesThe expected outcomes from the new database is to be able to keep a record of all the customers at Carphone Warehouse with the handsets bought and the member of staff who sold the product. This result modify managers to see which member of staff has been selling the most gist of phones on which network.The data can be entered manually with a noticeboard or a barcode watchner which will save time on entering the IMEI and ESN poem as these numbers t end to be 16 and 19 digits long. The keyboard will also need to be used to enter other key reading such as the customers details and the customer consultants name. This data input is necessary to be able to capture the information needed by The Carphone Warehouse, which is needed for manufactures warranty.Security is a big part for any database especially in retail and with dealing with such high personal information. To be able to access any part of the database the employee would need to log onto the system with their username and password. Every member of retail staff would be able view, add and amend each customer record to ensure that the company complies with the information Protection Act (DPA). Managers would have a higher aim of access as they would be able to add or re break down lost/ stolen products from each stores stock list.To help improve the companys performance, the data base will need to be able to print out internal reports about each store and each customer c onsultant. This will enable managers to see what phones they have been selling and which sales assistant has been selling the most phones. Also the database will need to make invoices for the customers to keep as their record of their purchase.User Interface RequirementsThe user interface of the current database has a dark blue background with a light blue for popup menus. All text shown on the database is shown in Calibri with key information in yellow and other text shown in the light blue.This user interface of the new database needs to be updated and kept with the house style of the company, as the current database (shown in the image to the right0 does not comply with this style. From just looking at the current datbase, it is not clear that the database is for The Carphone Warehouse as there is no logos shown anywhere. The new database would contain the company logo and colours in keeping with the house style of the company.Currently the way to move around the database is to u se the function keys on a special keyboard produced for the company where instead of the standard 12 funcations where is 24 function keys. Each function key will do a different task within the database, and as the name of the keys are rubbed away it become sdifficult to remember which key does what, therefore the new database will not have to use of the function keys but instead use buttogoogns on screen where the user will click the button which the reversal or for future developments, the buttons could also be clicked via a touch screen monitor.HardwareFor the database to run on the computers used by The Carphone Warehouse, the computers will need to have the minimum specification of the following Processor needs to run at 500 MHz or higherRAM 256MB or higher,Hard magnetic disk Drive ((HDD) Storage) 2GBs or higher. As the database is usedmore and more, the HDD will need to be increased to be able to store the growing in size database. Monitor display resolution of 1024 768Opera ting System (OS) Windows XP or higherAlso the computer monitor could be a touch screen this will increase the speed of which the user moves around the database. Also needed is a plotter printer, to print out customers invoices. The reason for this printer and not a laser printer is because a cheap black and white printer is used just for printing out invoices and nothing more. In the back office a colour printer could be used to print out reports for the managers of the store. Employees will also need a handheld scanner to scan product barcodes such as IMEIs from the phones.Entity family diagramThis is the most basic form of an Entity Relationship Diagram showing that some(prenominal) customers can sully many phones and the same phone model can be bought by many customers.This Entity Relationship Diagram shows that each customer can have many transactions and each phone model can be in many transactions. However this does not allow a transaction to have many phones.After some ti me of thing of changing tables, I believe this would be the best system to record all transactional data including the employee who has sold the product.This Entity Relationship Diagram shows what I want the new database to hold data about. This shows that many customers, employees, phone models and sim cards can be in many transactions. This Entity Relationship Diagram is in its simple form. The actual database will also include a temporary Customers table where customers details are enter in the temporary table first before being moved to the customers table. Phones will also be broken into two different tables the first table will be for the IMEIs of the phones andthe second will be for the Phone Model. This also applies to the Sim Card table, where there will be a table for the ESN and one for the Networks.DesignDesign of inputsData Dictionary and NormalisationsDatabase Keyis Primary Keyis Foreign KeyField NameData TypeFormatDescription of the FieldField LengthValidation CheckF ield Required Table Name tbl_Transaction / tbl_TransactiontempTransaction figure of speech Auto NumberIntegerNumber if the transactionN/APresence CheckY Lead Number NumberIntegerCustomer numberN/AYes against in Customer table, Presence CheckY Staff Username TextN/AEmployee who sold item8Yes against in Employee table, Presence CheckY Phone ID TextN/AMake and model of phone15Yes against in Phone table, Presence CheckY IMEI NumberIntegerSerial number of the phone16Yes against in Phone table, Presence CheckY ESN NumberIntegerSerial number of the sim card16Yes against in SimCard TableY Payment ReceivedCurrencyCurrencyAmount paidN/AFormat check, Presence CheckY Payment TypeTextLLLLPayment type Cash or Card4Format check, Presence CheckY DateDate/ TimeXX/XX/XXDate of purchase8Presence CheckY TimeDate/TimeXXXXTime of purchaseN/AYField NameData TypeFormat / Input maskDescription of the FieldField LengthValidation CheckField Required Table Name tbl_Customer / tbl_Customertemp( means continue until reach length of field)Lead Number Auto Number(Number tbl_Customer)IntegerCustomer numberN/APresence Check, Y TitleTextL

Barn Burning by William Faulkner Essay

For old age, literary works have discussed the difference of nature vs. nurture, William Faulkners Barn Burning universe one of them. Nurture in the debate refers to the vogue a person is brought up through his or her life. The argument is that the nurturing of the child in its early years is what ultimately defines how that person will act. On the other hand, a nonher way of thinking is that nature defines who a person is. That it is not how a person is brocaded or what they grew up around, but who that person is inside. The fundamental difference is that said person is born the way they are going to grow up to be and is not shaped by his or her parents and how they act. In Faulkners Barn Burning, Sartoris Snopes is nurtured by his ill-willed father but ultimately takes the high road and chooses to be his cause person rather than follow the road of his father.Sartoris life had previously been defined by instability and always covering for his father, until they came along the de Spain house. From the beginning of the story, Sartoris wanted to communicate the truth at the court room but got slapped by his father for even the thought. Youre getting to be a man. You got to learn. You got to learn to stick to your get blood or you aint going to have any blood to stick to you. Do you think either of them, any man on that point this morning would? Mr. Snopes was just trying to make sure that his son would always protect his twisted ways in any future court room. He did not care about teaching his son a life lesson about loyalty or that blood was thicker than water, which was not what the talk that night in the woods was about. It was just simply Mr. Snopes warped way of assuring he would not get in trouble for future acts of harm. And sure enough, there were more than acts.Even though Mr. Snopes slapped Sartoris and told him to stay true to his family, the de Spain house sparked a change in Sartoris and marked the end of following his fathers footsteps. His f athers way of raising him was almost a reign of terror. No one ever knew what to expect from him. He was not a good man in any sense of the word. He stole horses in the war from the Confederacy for his sustain benefit, having no loyalties to either side. The only loyalty he has ever had has been to himself. His maimed leg, as a result of the war, symbolizes the weight he carries around by living his perverse way of life. That is, feeding off of the harm he has caused to others he has always felt that most people have short-handed him. The incident in the story in which Mr. Snopes ruined the one hundred dollar rug focused on how the leg was the major part of his body that took part in the smearing of the dung. It also was the main factor that let the de Spains know he had returned the ruined rug. Once they realized that he had permanently altered the rug, it was back to court for the Snopes family. Again, Sartoris witnessed his father being untruthful in the court of law and once again his innate nature was to tell the truth. Yet always in the background is the gnawing feeling of what his father would do to him if he was disloyal. So when does he go against what he was raised to do and become his own person? Sartoris entire life had been to follow behind his father without question if it was right or wrong. As a small child he might not have wondered whether Snopes actions were morally acceptable or not, but as he grew older and developed his own conscious, he soon realized that he was a different person with a different way of thinking than his father. For his father, barn burning was his way of purgative anger and getting back at the people who have done wrong in his mind. Even though the nigger at the de Spain house did not do anything personal to him, Snope thought that because he told him he could not be on the rug, that he should destroy it so no one else could be on it either (symbolically.) When his son made the brave decision to tell the de Spains about his fathers plan, it was the turning point in his life. He last diverted from his life-long path behind his father and started to plot a new course for himself. A life that would be defined by justice and virtue. Faulkners Barn Burning deals with nature vs. nurture in a coming of age story by which Sartoris untimely chooses nature and to chart his own way in life. After his fathers death, Sartoris Snope is described as walking into the darkness of the woods ahead without looking back and hearing the song of birds in the distance. He is forever cut off from his family and must survive alone. The only thing he has left is his integrity and strong sense of justice, but hopefully for him that is all he needs.

Differentiate between grievance and discipline Essay

Organizations effectiveness is based on its culture and direction practice structure that strain towards maintaining the harmony of organisational performance and regulating the behavior and attitude of its employees. Managers are required to maintain the study environment through identifying the potential weak areas that lead towards in-disciplinary behaviors of employees. Discipline at workplace helps control and normalize the behavior of employees through various procedures.Company may use strict disciplinary actions to make employees conform their actions to the expectations of management or may go for group norm pressure to standardize employees behavior. Managers role is critical in much(prenominal) situation as it places peachy responsibility on him for leading the employees for subsequent higher performance. Manager may exercise strict rules to align the behavior of employees that are accompanied by penalties/punishment sanctions on employees.Corporate culture understan ding needs to clearly convey towards employees for productive group behavior. However, it has been observed that sometimes strict discipline also leads towards disgrace performance affecting the organisational effectiveness. Inequality among employees concerning rewards and treatment b management result in great dissatisfaction discipline actions when over exhibited on some people, it lead towards discriminatory behavior.Grievance is therefore a mechanism to present the viewpoint to senior management concerning the inequality and inappropriateness of disciplinary actions of organization. Discipline is thus a set of actions to regulate and standardize the employee attitude & behavior, whereas grade is a procedure to report the injustice and inequality being faced by employees to higher ratiocination making authority. Organizational justice framework is based on these two components that enable managers to figure out the sources that lead towards grievance in employees.Discipline h elps organizations maintain the harmony and effectiveness of workplace environment rules, policies and standard procedures enables regulate the employee behavior and maintain organization culture. Inequality in organizational culture and inability of management to provide diverse workplace environment either due to stereotypical rejoinder towards a particular group or restricting the ends only to a particular group referring to nepotism.Incompetence of organizational framework to manage the situations and employees behavior results in discrimination and group based structure in employees for the protection of their rights. articulation based culture is more common in government managed organization where employees have joined separate unions for the protection of their workplace rights. Discipline requires adjustments in rules and workplace policies addressing the dimensional aspects of negligence, employee safety, incompetency, rights protection, workplace norms, and organizatio nal culture expectations.Rules relating to employee behavior, punishment and penalties, warnings, and other organizational aspects present a clear expectation to employees related to workplace environment and running(a) management style. Induction of rules is necessary to be conveyed to new comers in organization so that procedural mechanism becomes clear related to employee actions, group norms, and managerial actions pertaining to employee behavior.Managers moldiness provide employees clear insight about the work setting and organizational culture through their actions and responses towards managing the equality at workplace. Stereotypical responses by employees, and group establishment based on race/ethnic rights protection in workplace that are depicted as discrimination in employee treatment, rewards and pay scale offering, and move growth opportunities restrictions to a particular group result in job dissatisfaction and reduction in organizational commitment.In such case, i f an employee wants to present his viewpoints concerning inequality at workplace manager must(prenominal) assess the situation sensitivity and factors that lead towards grievance filing. Senior management must form a clear object glass grievance channel in order to address such issues raised in organization. Management must place emphasis on fairness of decision by providing equal representation rights to employees. Procedural steps for grievance hearing and decisions must be limited to certain extent of hierarchy for increasing the response time to resolve grievance issues.Senior management can form a committee addressing grievance issues of employee having representation of lower level manager and at least one member representation from senior management holding decision making power. This leads towards maintaining organization justice and shows effectiveness of organizations structure for formalizing the framework. This way, discipline and grievance in combine are very essentia l component of strategic organizations framework for justice.Manager need to maintain the discipline of employee and must equalize the grievance procedure to maintain the organizational effectiveness by providing equal opportunity to all employees to report any factors that lead towards job dissatisfaction. explosive charge filing procedure formalization simplifies the ambiguity concerning the management perspective and ability of employees to report any injustice. Manipulation of rules and disciplinary actions restrict the opportunities for equality at workplace. dark behavior results in violating the principles of flexibility and freedom of voice representation by employees. Formalizing the rules and written policy procedure strengthen the discipline at workplace that supports the organizational justice framework. Grievance procedural steps must be defined in policy structure to reduce ambiguity and providing employees opportunity to exercise their rights in situation when the co nfront discrimination at workplace manager must provide support in assessing the factors viability and prospective role to minimize the arousal of such grievance factor again.

Dementia: Alzheimer’s Disease and People

Isabel Ramirez Comp105 Mrs. Doonan 11 December 2012 frenzy affecting the lives of galore(postnominal) or sotimes the word Dementia can be quite scary to hear and quite frankly it is pretty scary to hear. Many pot dont really take the time to stop and realize that it might be something that can be manners threating and without them even knowing they might already be having some of the early symptoms. There is no such thing as going in to the doctor to early and acquiring checked out for mania.Once soul beat ups dementia thither is no elbow room on turning back and the best they can do it charmting treatment. Approximately every sixty octette seconds someone in America will develop dementia, some even without them knowing it. Dementia is something that no one wants to know that they beget because of the dramatic life changes that if will make up in someones life. Dementia having many effects on older people like having to get treatment and the many symptoms they go through can be very all overwhelming.Many people know that dementia is a complaint in which the retentiveness is affected, but thats non all dementia is. Every sixty eight seconds someone in America develops dementia. (AHAF) Dementia actually means loss of mentation and thinking. (Fisher) It is a disease that degenerates the brain which affects the memory. (AHAF) Dementia is a reformist disease that has a big impact not only on the somebody that is diagnosed with dementia but likewise their family and friends that are around. Perry) Many people describe dementias symptoms with loss of memory, judgment, language even motor skills, meaning that many people cant do a lot of their daily activities normally by themselves. (Fisher) Caring for someone with dementia can be extremely difficult and have a lot of aroused stress. Dementia is a disease the many describe as a disease that eats someones brain slowly causing that somebody to take up forgetting things. (AHAF) Dementia isnt a dise ase that is on its admit it has many forms to which it attacks a person. Alzheimers disease is the nigh common form of dementia. Fisher) Dementia having many shapes and sizes can be badly on older people. Dementia does have many shapes and sizes because there is different types of dementias in which can affect the person slowly or really fast. The forms of dementia are classified by the area of the brain that gets affected and the degree of progression. (Westerby) Since there are so many different forms of dementia, drugs might only be avai research l fitted for some of them. Yes, there is many kind of dementia but the two most common forms are Parktons disease and Alzheimers disease. Fisher) About sixty portion of the people that develop Alzheimers, fifteen through thirty percent develop vascular dementia, iv through twenty percent develop lewy body and two percent develop frontal temporal dementia. Mainly all forms of dementia are progressive except Vascular Dementia. Alzheim ers mainly affects older people and mainly women get this kind of dementia. Lewy Body dementia mainly affects older people. Vascular dementia mainly affects people that have diabetes. Frontal Temporal dementia affects mostly the people that are under sixty five and mainly men. Elkins) Some people might get mixed dementia where there might be one or more cases of dementia combined together. (Perry) One of the hardest things of dementia is the symptoms they have and later finding out someone has dementia through diagnostic can be a very tragic moment. The earliest symptom is memory loss with that as well as not being able to think right can really confuse a person. (Fisher) Patients might have a hard time arranging plans and which ends up leading to the major memory loss. Movement of everyday became more difficult. Perry) Thats wherefore trying to diagnose dementia presently is very important, the sooner is diagnosed the sooner medication can be given out which can help from it pro gressing really fast. Cognitive test are requisite in being able to decide whether dementia is there or not. (Westerby) There is a physical exam done to help identify why they have dementia. Another thing they really take in consideration is history of mental or behavioral symptoms. (AHAF) There is an assessment that is done which is called mini Mental State Examination.There is so many ways that people can get tested and find out pretty soon, like getting lab test done is a fast and effective way. (Perry) Out of all of them the most effective way and proven to be one hundred percent effective is brain autopsy. (AHAF) Finding out which stage of dementia you have might be hard because of the many ad different types of dementia there are. That is why it is very important to that if someone has any of the symptoms to get them checked out because the faster you get diagnosed the more likely you will be able to get some medication that will slow down the progression. Perry) The risk fac tors that can give you dementia or bring along can be too much to handle for someone at any age. Even though dementia can happen at any time of life, it has a dramatic increase as age increases too. (Perry) There are two big risk factors that really play a big role when getting dementia, which are age and genetics. Many people can get dementia because it is in their genes and past generations in their family have gotten so it is more likely that they get it. Approximately five percent of Americans between the ages of sixty five and seventy four get dementia. AHAF) People who smoke, have hypertension, high cholesterol, and are obese have a great risk in getting dementia. People who have Parkinsons disease and have had a stroke are also greater at risk. (Westerby) People with dementia might be seeing things that arent really there which can be very dangerous for them to be simply in their own home. (Fisher) About thirty six and a half percent of people with dementia live in a home armorial bearing facility the other sixty three and a half percent are taken care of in their own home by some family member. Westerby) When the dementia is advanced people become dependent for everything with their care. (Fisher) Mobility gets harder so there could be a greater risk of falls. There might also be a great loss of appetite and a dramatic change in their weight. (Perry) As often as possible try drawling things for the patient that way they can visualize the things better and they might remember them more. (Elkins) Asking people with dementia direct questions really stresses them out and they fell like they are countersink in the stop.So yes it is a really serious disease and in most cases it is too much for someone to handle at any age. Sometimes the treatments are not always enough when trying to get rid of dementia and the results can be pretty fatal. It is better to keep the person in their own home. That way they could keep their daily routine and they can remembe r where their things are located at. Moving someone out of their home when they are very humbled already isnt going to help them out much. (Perry) When diagnosed it is recommended for the patient and the family to get ongoing support.This way the family can know of ways to help the person and also the patient knows the truth of dementia. (Westerby) Alzheimers is terminal and had no known cure. (AHAF) No Treatment yet recognized, but one big risk factor is diabetes and hypertension. (Perry) The bonnie time of life they have would range from five though twenty years. (Fisher) The three year survival rate for vascular dementia for people over the age of eighty five is sixty seven percent. For people who develop Alzheimers after a stroke there is a thirty ennead percent survival rate.People with Alzheimers in general have a forty three survival rate. (Perry) Out of all the causes of death infection is the most common. (Fisher) Yes, Dementia is very hard and a lot to handle for older p eople, there isnt a known treatment that is for sure going to get rid of the dementia someone has and the symptoms can be very frustrating. Thats why having the help of family members and friends that are around the person is very necessary to be able to live with a disease that eats your brain a little more each day causing that person to forget things from their past.It is a scary disease that no one wishes to ever get, but once someone has it there is no way back. As soon as they start to notice some of the symptoms it is better to go get themselves checked that why there can be some medication that can help its progression. cosmos able to detect it early improve the quality of life and the lifelong out comes the patient has for the rest of their lives. Always keep in mind this is a disease that attacks someone in the America every sixty eight seconds, many without even knowing.

The Toyota Camry Hybrid And The Camry Sedan

Now a days the car becomes more important than needs. People like a shot want the slightly and high quality models of new cars. The demand is increasing for new model car, so company every year make the new model cars. The Camry hybrid and the Camry sedan are make by Toyota since 1982. The Camry hybrid and the Camry sedan is a Japanese car. These cars are the best-selling cars in North the States and also sell in Australia very well. The Camry Hybrid and the Camry Sedan has been reshaped for 2013 and represents the seventh-generation model.The present Toyota Camry interior is very pretty than the past Camrys, and it is the four-cylinder engine is additional powerful. On other hand, The Toyota Camry Hybrid of 2013 is understated about its fuel efficiency. It offers some(prenominal) impatient speeding up and great fuel economy. Camry Hybrid drives Zero to 60 in good 7. 4 seconds, it is not sports car, but its faster than the regular four-cylinder Camry. The Toyota Camry Hybrid and the Camry Sedan of 2013 is offered in XLE and LE trim levels.The LE features 16-inch steel wheels, machine-driven headlights, keyless ignition/entry, full power accessories, dual-zone automatic temper control, cruise control, a trip computer, a tilt-and-telescoping steering wheel, Bluetooth phone and audio connectivity, a 6-inch display and a six-speaker sound system with a HD radio, CD player, , an auxiliary input, satellite radio and a USB/iPod interface. The XLE adds heated outdoor mirrors, 17-inch alloy wheels, a leather-wrapped steering wheel. Three engines were presented for this generation.The first was a 2. 4-liter four-cylinder that complete 154 hp (145 with PZEV emissions controls). It was reproduced to either a five-speed manual or a five-speed automatic transmission (four-speed prior to 05) and must be powerful capable for the common of buyers. A 3. 0-liter V6 that made 190 hp was also offered (18 hp less prior to 04) on the LE and XLE trim levels, while a 210-hp, 3 . 3-liter V6 (introduced for 2004) was offered on the SE model only. These six-cylinder Camrys came by the automatic only.In preceding years, these power numbers were greater for the reason that of a change in measurement that happened in 2006, while actual output not once changed. The Toyota Camry Hybrid of 2013 is animatedly accomplished. Thanks a quite a little to careful suspension tuning, the position of car during driving is sticks fit to the road as well as is generally untouched by bumps and ruts. The electric-assist power steering is soft and quick turning, however it suffers from a deficiency of comment and some drivers might be catch its effort too graceful.

Of Mice and Men Film/Book Comparison

The want of interaction between the Weak ones of the ranch in the film version of Of Mice and Men results in the obscuring of the matter of handicaps that is toast throughout the novel. In the film, the scene begins with Leonie approaching Crooks as the rest of the men are in the close t make. They wrangle Liens desire to tend rabbits and later on, Leonie makes it clear his intention for George and he to be together manger the end. George comes in, escorts Leonie out of the room where they encounter Curlers wife as she complains of her unhappy marriage and runs a focus.The book varies in the way that Curlers wife and Candy are both in the room as they all talk. As Candy, Leonie, and Crooks discuss the promise of a brighter future, Curlers wife is quick to crush their dreams with the reality of each of their situations. After she humiliates them, they are get the better of and their harsh circumstances sink in. It is important to notice in the novel that each character has thei r own handicap, whether it is age, gender, race, mental cap expertness, or physical capability although they show strength even with their weak descriptions, the purpose of the theme is to convey the low tolerance their society has of handicaps.For example, Crooks, even being a bitter man, latches onto their dream of the small house for the promise of companionship, but because of his race and the prejudice during the time period, Curlers wife makes sure he knows that he will never be accepted. Although the handicaps are physically portrayed In the film, they are not strengthen well enough because there isnt as big of a power difference between Leonie and Crooks as there is between them and Curlers wife. Curlers wife may be handicapped as her loneliness makes her desperate, but she has the ability to take away any hope they eave.Also, in the novel, Curlers wife mentions that the men left the three Weak ones at home. This comment serves to further describe the time period as there Is never enough egis for the weak from the strong. The theme of handicaps Is essential to the comprehension of the novel as It grasps the concept of Inequality without the themes distinction, there Is no closure, positive or negative, that Is needed for the reader to comprehend the negative Impact the fictional world has on a group of people that are not as strong as society requires them to be.

Chinese Nationalist Party Essay

On 1 October 1949, Mao Zedong, leader of the Chinese Communist Party declared success over the patriot Party (Guomindang) and brought an end to four brutally long years of Civil state of struggle. The Communist victory in the Civil state of warfare has that, created signifi understructuret debate among historians, namely was a Communist victory inevitable and if so is it practically sensible to see the Chinese Civil war as a Communist victory or as a Nationalist overcome?When researching these questions it becomes blatantly obvious that the Guomindang governing led by Chiang Kai-Shek was riddled with problems and they are very much the cause of their own downfall.Widespread government decomposition, spiraling ostentation, outrage of public confidence and intractable poverty are just a few of the failings the Guomindang afflicted upon the Chinese mountain. These monumental failings make a Communist victory seem almost inevitable, in that they just happened to be there to assume power as the Nationalists lost support and drowned in their own mistakes. In this intellect it is more sensible to view the Civil War as a Nationalist stamp out, rather than a Communist victory.On the other hand, the Communists were able to turn dismal rural poverty and the lacquerese usurpation into assets, using them to convince villagers that radical change was imperative and that the Communist Party was best qualified to give about this change. Seen in this light, superior st estimategy and organisational methods allowed the Communists to achieve victory and not just move into a vacuum as suggested by Barnett (Barnett, 1965 1).There is certainly an element of inevitability with regard to the Communist victory, even so, in this essay I will argue that not nevertheless was the outcome of the Chinese Civil War not preordained, but I will also critically evaluate the reasons the Guomindang lost the Civil War and explain that given their policy mistakes, the Civil War should be seen as a Nationalist defeat rather than a Communist victory. If the Nationalists had been willing to adapt and had they initiated some changes in their strategies, the Communist Party, no field what its internal organisation or external strategies, would not pass water been able to bring revolution to china.This surmise is not support by Kubek, who argues that the cause of theNationalist defeat was due to a lack of embolden from the United States, declaring sovietisation of china and Manchuria could be the only logical outcome of post-war United States policy in China (Kubek, 1965 62). This view point is unduly simplistic and overvalues Americas role in China, an opinion supported by Chang, who believes the Guomindang governments failure was due not so much to lack of American support, but to its inhe look at brands (Chang, 1965 40).Before analysing these inherent defects and the reasons that the Nationalist Party lost the Civil War, it is important to figure the fundamentals of the smear in China at the end of World War Two specifically the consequences of the octet year war with Japan that totally exhausted the Guomindang militarily, scotchally and spiritually. Hsu argues that the war with Japan is the superstar most important cause for the downfall of the Nationalists and had there been no Japanese war, the postal service in China would hold up been very different (Hsu, 1990 734). Many of the Guomindangs problems such as f actionalism, corruption and lead were ordinary prior to the Sino-Japanese War however it was during the last phases of the Sino-Japanese War that these problems r separatelyed crisis proportions and in hindsight it seems impossible that the Guomindang could rich person overcome these problems to defeat the Communists (Service, 1965 29).Chang also believes that the Guomindang set about insurmountable problems prior to the Civil War, stating that the government of Chiang Kai-Shek was built on quicksand and clay. How can it patronage? Is it any wonder that it fell like a sept of cards when it had to face the Communist crisis? (Chang, C. 1965 41).Westad, (2003 7) however argues that in spite of the Guomindangs weaknesses, the outcome of the post-war conflict with the Communists was no way predetermined in 1945. At the end of the Sino-Japanese War the Guomindang held significant advantages over the Communists, with its widely recognised legitimate government controlling China, freehand it the power to tax and conscript. On the other hand, the Communists could not match the Guomindangs troops in footing of training and equipment and could beoutgunned and outmanoeuvred in all major regions of the country (Westad, 2003 8).Furthermore, the Communist companionship was hardly delineate in the cities at all, which of course was the power base of the Guomindang. However, the Communists also had successes resulting from the war with Japan including increasing their theater of control and pr acticed evolving their strategies of protracted guerrilla warfare against the Japanese which in turn generated public support. in spite of this the partys of import motors were still located in North-west China and they were not in such a powerful position that a civil war with the Guomindang would be a chaste formality in securing control of the country.The Civil War is therefore simply not a character reference of the imminent decline of the Guomindang and the Communists irresistible rise. Rather the Sino-Japanese War provided the framework for the decisions and strategies that would ultimately lead to Nationalist defeat. The war with Japan left the Guomindang decimated and they did need to undergo reform in order to survive however the factionalism and corruption within the Guomindang resulted in increasingly repressive controls being implemented upon the war weary Chinese people. At a time when new strategies were needed, the government instead continued its repressive cont rols and when war again stone-broke out, the government lost even more support and collapsed with cataclysmic speed.This was due in no smaller part to the leadership of the Guomindang, whose perpetuation of their own power dominated over all other considerations (Service, 1965 28). The boldness and mismanagement of the Guomindang alienated the Chinese people and caused a loss of public confidence and follow. This loss of respect not only resulted in the Nationalists losing influence in their own power bases, but made it easier for the Communists to process this public disharmony and encourage the Chinese people to think that a change in tribunal would bring about a change in their fortunes.An example of the Guomindangs poor leadership strategies can be seen in their occupation of former Japanese colonies (Service, 1965 29). The Chinese citizens within these Japanese occupied territories had waited eightyears for the return of Nationalist rule, but instead of being treated as v ictims of war, they were operationed. The Guomindang leaders did not return their lend but acquired it as their own property moreover, they virtually eliminated the monetary assets of these people. This was caused by the coin in the occupied territories going through extreme inflation as the government only offered the unconscionable exchange rate of two hundred to one when a more reasonable rate would have been half that much (Phillips, 1996 158). Furthermore, the puppet leaders that had been installed by the Japanese practically kept their positions or became members of the Guomindang. ridiculous policy decisions such as this would lead to the downfall of the Guomindang, as it is impossible to fight an effective war without the support of the people and the economic policies of the government alienated millions of suffering people.The Guomindangs economic problems were not circumscribed to the territories formerly occupied by the Japanese. All over China inflation was an e xceptionally large problem, for as the increases seen during the Japanese War were allowed to spiral out of control during the Civil War. Service, (1965 29) argues that this is a direct result of corruption within the Guomindang, and that they refused to take any effective steps to check inflation or implement verdant reforms for fear of losing the support of the landlord class in China. In view of this, the Guomindang developed urban industry at the expense of agricultural and financed this by simply printing more bank notes.Their economic mismanagement was dark for the majority of the Chinese people and meant that by 1948 government expenditure had become thirty times big when compared to its pre-war level the budget deficit had also blown out to thirty times it pre-war level and inflation was increasing at the rate of thirty per cent a month (Chang, K. 1965 23). The Nationalist government faced imminent monetary doom and the Chinese people were becoming aware of the selfish n ature of their government whose economic policies and financial mismanagement destroyed the livelihood of hundreds of millions of Chinese. The failings of the Guomindang would provide the Communist party with ample opportunities to exploit the discontent of the Chinese people.This was one of the reasons for the Communist victory in that they were able to gain the support of people from the rural areas who the Guomindang had alienated. An example of this can be seen in the rural land reforms implemented in newly gained territories. In these areas the Communists promoted production and ensured supplies by creating a self-sufficient economy. To rouse the productive enthusiasm of the peasants, they launched a endeavor to reduce rent and interest. Peasant associations and other organisations were urged to demand and en labor a 25 percent rent reduction, with a rent ceiling set at 37.5 percent of the crops. The interest rate on loans was limited to 1.5 percent a month, or 18 percent a y ear, much lower that the excessive rate formerly charged by the landlords (Westad, 2003 11 and Fielding, 1999 134). They were able to achieve these reforms without confiscating large amounts of land, as considerable redistribution of land to the peasants was accomplished by imposing graduated taxes in such a way that larger landholders voluntarily sold land because it was no longer profitable.It is arguable that the Communists had no intention of eliminating the economic power of the landlords, but instead they showed the peasants that they could exercise their power locally and play an active role in the war against a government that some had come to despise. The Communists gave the peasants what they wanted an army of friendly troops who not only did not steal their crops but helped them bring in the harvest and who implemented popular but gradual economic reforms (Ebrey, 1996 289). This is in stark contrast to the Guomindang who did not understand the peasants and showed no inter est in aiding them. They failed to see the radical potential of the peasant masses and unlike the Communist Party never attempted to organise them. This situation was best summarised by Hsu the stone that one builder had rejected became the cornerstone of the others house (Hsu, 1990 738).However, many of the most important cause of the Nationalist defeat during the Civil War were military ones. disrespect emerging from the Japanese War better equipped and trained, the Nationalist Army was a tired force (Hsu, 1990 734). This war-weariness was felt throughout China and there waswidespread recognition that full scale civil war would be a tragedy for the country. It is therefore, not surprising that the Guomindangs persistence in military intrusion towards the Communists, who were Chinese after all, failed to arouse the same patriotic loyalty as when the enemies were Japanese (Stuart, 1965 19). Given this situation the Nationalist Army needed good leadership and to gain the support o f the people they were unsuccessful on both counts.This was largely due to the leadership system created by Chiang Kai-Shek that was a congerie of conservative political cliques refer primarily with maintaining their own power (Service, 1965 30). Furthermore, the highest military posts were reserved for those who like Chiang Kai-Shek had graduated from the Whampoa military academy and this often meant that more talented officers were turned away. General Barr of the United States said of the Guomindang leadership in 1949 that, their military debacles in my opinion can all be attributed to the worlds worst leadership and many other morale destroying factors that lead to a complete loss of will to fight (Barr, 1949 x quoted in Bianco, 1971 180).In fact, many battles were lost by the Nationalists without a fight, as hundreds of thousands of troops simply defected or surrendered to the Communists (Barnett, 1965 5). An example of this may be seen during the Huai-Huai Campaign, where po or military leadership caused the Nationalist troops to become surrounded and resulted in an irreparable loss of manpower without a fight (Phillips, 1996 158). Rather than undertaking offensives to seek out and destroy the main mobile guerrilla units of the Communists, they holed up for the most part in isolated, vulnerable, defensive positions allowing the Communists to concentrate their forces and attack and whelm Nationalists positions one by one (Barnett, 1965 5).This strategy played into the hands of the Communists whose primary goal was to reduce the come of the Nationalist army. They were not concerned with holding specific geographic areas and this allowed them to be a lot more flexible in their attacks. Moreover, the Communist troops were ordered to avoid large battles and to engage the enemy only when there was a high probability of victory. Mao Zedong argued that the only way guerrilla warfare could adoptis if the army had the support of the people, and the Communists certainly had this (Mao Zedong, 1940 x cited in Bianco, 1971 184).The Communists successfully achieved this through the use of propaganda. They portrayed themselves as defenders of the nation and the Guomindang as enemies of all levels of society, from peasant to scholar (Chang, C. 1965 40). Chiang Kai-shek himself admitted that the Nationalists failure in propaganda was a major defect in our struggle against Communism (Kai-shek, 1965 77).Despite this, the Nationalist army had many opportunities to seriously weaken the Communists. However, their leadership too often committed crucial tactical mistakes, which were the result of lack of communication and disputes within the party caused by the factionalism that riddled the Guomindang leadership (Westad, 2003 11). Clique politics and factionalism would eventually lead to the situation where unified action to either solve the problems in Nationalist held territory or to fight against the Communists became virtually impossible (Barnett, 1965 6). This is in stark contrast to the leadership of the Communist armies, whose generals were not concerned with personal gain, but instead co-operated with each other and gained the support of the Chinese people and worked towards a united goal (Westad, 2003 9).These superior military manoeuvre and aforementioned economic reforms brought the Communists wide spread support and ultimately victory. However, this victory would never have been possible were it not for the military, economic and social failings of the Guomindang. Chiang Kai-Shek himself admitted major defects in organisation and technique in the Nationalists war against Communism, however he argued that these defects were remediable, so long as our strategy and policy were correct, I believe we still could have won (Kai-Shek, 1965 82). It is in this light that the Chinese Civil War should be viewed not as a Communist victory, but as a Nationalist defeat.There is no doubt that the war against Japan was a crushing bl ow to the Nationalists economic and military power, however it was not fatal. TheNationalist government could have continued to consolidate its power and authority by the sheer weight of its military strength and financial resources (Tsou, 1965 28). Even though the Nationalist government was far from popular, it was the most powerful military and economic force in China and could have survived if it had been willing to regain the support of the people. Defeat to the Communists was therefore, far from inevitable, and the Nationalists were very much the engineers of their own demise.BIBLIOGRAPHYBarnett, A. (1965), Multiple factors, in Pichon Loh (ed.) The Kuomintang flagellation of 1949 triumph or Collapse? D.C. Heath & Company, BostonBianco, Lucien. (1971), Origins of the Chinese Revolution, 1915-1949 Stanford University Press, StanfordChang, Carsun. (1965), Chiang Kai-shek and Kuomintang dictatorship, in PichonLoh (ed.) The Kuomintang flogging of 1949 Conquest or Collapse? D.C. Heath& Company, BostonChang, Kia-Ngua. (1965) War and Inflation in Pichon Loh (ed.) The Kuomintang Debacle of 1949 Conquest or Collapse? D.C. Heath & Company, BostonEbrey, Patricia. (1996), Cambridge Illustrated History China, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, EnglandFielding, Mark & Morcombe, Margot. (1999), The Spirit of Change China in Revolution McGraw Hill Book Company, Roseville, NSWHsu, Immanuel C.Y. (1990), The Rise of Modern China Oxford University Press, New YorkKai-shek, Chiang 1965, Communist designs and Kuomintang blunders, inPichon Loh (ed.) The Kuomintang Debacle of 1949 Conquest or Collapse?, D.C.Heath & Company, BostonKubek, Anthony 1965, Communist subversion and American appeasement, inPichon Loh (ed.) The Kuomintang Debacle of 1949 Conquest or Collapse?, D.C.Heath & Company, BostonPhillips, Richard. (1996) China since 1911 St Martins Press, New York.Service, John S. 1965, The enthronement of reaction, in Pichon Loh (ed.)The Kuomintang Debacle of 1949 Conques t or Collapse?, D.C. Heath & Company,BostonStuart, John L. (1965), Popular Discontent and Creeping Paralysis, in Pichon Loh (ed.)The Kuomintang Debacle of 1949 Conquest orCollapse?, D.C. Heath & Company,BostonTsou, Tang 1965, Contradictions between program and practise, in PichonLoh (ed.) The Kuomintang Debacle of 1949 Conquest or Collapse?, D.C. Heath& Company, BostonWestad, Odd Arne 2003, Decisive Encounters the Chinese Civil War 1946 -1950, Stanford University Press, California

Fate and Destiny Essay

The Epic of Sundiata is meaningless without the concepts of unavoidableness and destiny. When the Mandinka magnate receives the divine hunter at the royal court, and the hunter predicts that the world origins marriage to an ugly charwo composition would grant him a mighty king for a son the Mandinka king mustiness honor the prophecy. It is for this priming that the king, before his death, gives to Sundiata his son born of an ugly woman a griot. When Sundiata is older, he withal swears in the vastness of harnessing powers of a supernatural nature (Niane).Prophecies are, of course, made through supernatural powers. Seeing that the kings of the Mandinka spate believe in supernatural powers, their subjects must also be believers in the same. Moreover, mass and destiny appear real to the Mandinka people, which is the author why the prophecy is honored by the king. But, even if most of the Mandinka people do not believe in supernatural powers, the belief system of the king i s expected to be superior to that of his people.Belief in prophecy entails that ones fate is determined, and there is nothing that one can do to agitate his or her destiny. Prophets are believed because they know the fate and destiny of others. By informing people about their respective(prenominal) fates and destinies, they save their people from being misled. At the same time, however, the concepts of fate and destiny entail that the Mandinka king would hurt married an ugly woman, with or without the prophecy of the hunter. The king would have had Sundiata, too, regardless of the prophecy.The only useful phonation about the prophecy was that the king gifted Sundiata with a griot because he knew that Sundiata would be a mighty king in the future. Just as the Epic of Sundiata cannot be understood without reference to fate or destiny, Things evenfall Apart focuses on a hero and his confederation, unable to change circumstances in the face of destiny. Things bowling pin Apart mak es repeated references to chi, a concept that refers to a personal divinity fudge that is available to all people to guide them to fulfill their individual destinies.It is impossible for a human being to struggle against the chi, or his or her spirit force. This is the reason why Okonkwo, a courageous and intelligent individual, cannot change his circumstances or that of his community even as things fall apart for everybody except the colonialists (Achebe). In other words, the human being is impotent against the decisions of the chi or his or her personal deity who establishes the fate and destiny of every soul. The personal deity of all people has determined that Okonkwo and his people would suffer, and there is nothing they can do about it (Achebe).Okonkwo is a distinguished leader of a village in Nigeria. He is rich, powerful, brave as well as wise. He has worked hard to achieve his high status in his village. Thus, the village elders choose him to be the shielder of a boy nam ed Ikemefuna, who has been made prisoner by Achebes tribe. Okonkwo must keep the boy with him until the prophet decides otherwise (Achebe). This shows that man has no free will, and that, in fact, fate and destiny are determined by another. Human beings are not even allowed to make decisions by themselves.If they attempt to make decisions by themselves, they must be severely punished, as Okonkwo was. When the village elders decided that Ikemefuna must be killed, Okonkwo went against the advice of the oldest man of the village by killing the boy himself. Subsequently, things started to fall apart for Okonkwo. He accidentally killed another individual at a funeral ceremony. For this act he had to be sent into exile with his family for a period of seven years. After all, he had offended the deities by committing the murder (Achebe).When Okonkwo returned to his village, he struggled for his people against the colonialists. In the end, however, he had to kill himself (Achebe). The forces of change were too strong for him to resist. This reveals that mans determination, intuition, and courage have no power over destiny and fate. however though I believe in fate and destiny, I do not agree with this gamy vision of the same. Neither do I trust the fact that man has been rendered powerless by fate and destiny. In my soul of these concepts, God, who is all-knowing, has written the fate and destiny of all people.His knowledge of all peoples past, present and future is their fate and destiny, in fact. At the same time, He has given unto human beings the power to make decisions for themselves. The Bible confirms this trance. Although there is nothing that a human being can do to controvert destiny and fate, individuals are free to use their intelligence in the best possible ways. Our use of intelligence in my belief is also determined by God. He allows some people to prosper at the expense of others.All the same, in the Biblical sense, such circumstances are a tria l from God. He cannot be blamed for giving one man a life of riches, happiness and peace go his brother is poor and living in a violent neighborhood. In the Biblical view, both work force are loved by God. However, by severely testing the homeless man, He would like the man to turn to Him in prayer. The rich man, on the other hand, is required to be of help to the poor man. If he does not help his brother, however, God would continue giving him opportunities to do so in future.In this view of fate and destiny, God also knows the people who would go to Heaven as opposed to those who would enter hellfire for eternity. Even so, I know that people have free will to choose what they would like to do with themselves and where they would like to go. God does not stop us from using our minds to do as we please. But, as I have already mentioned, it is He who ultimately decides what we would think. So, while one man concentrates on spirituality, another spends his correct lifetime thinking about the theory of relativity.It is our personal destiny to think, do, and wish as God pleases. Of course, my understanding of fate and destiny is not the same as that of the Mandinka king or the people of Okonkwo. I do not visit soothsayers, and neither would I believe in all of them. Furthermore, even if it is unfashionable in our times to believe in God and supernatural powers, I continue to believe in fate and destiny. Works Cited Achebe, C. Things Fall Apart. New York Doubleday & Co. , Inc. , 1994. Niane, D. T. (trans. ). Sundiata An Epic of Old Mali. Harlow Longman, 2006.