Introduction to Psychology Reaction Paper Guidelines

Introduction to Psychology Reaction Paper Guidelines Definition of Genre: In a reaction or response paper, writers respond to one or more texts they have read. A popular assignment with instructors in the social sciences and humanities, such papers require students to understand each text individually and evaluate how well each accomplishes its own objectives. If you are responding to multiple texts, you must also discover how the texts relate to one another. (If responding to just one text, you might need to situate it within the larger context of class discussions, readings, etc., depending on the prompt.) A reaction paper may include a discussion of interesting questions that the readings raise for the student, but such a†¦show more content†¦b) What are the strengths and weaknesses of the research provided in the article? c) What could be added to this material to make it better or more complete? When working on the critique section of your paper, you should use your knowledge of research methods learned at the beginning of the semester, as well as any material covered during class lecture that relates to the article being critiqued. 3. Reaction- Give your personal reaction to this material. This is your opportunity to express your opinion about the research. However, keep in mind that you are an introductory student and these researchers have been studying longer than you have been alive. Know the limits of your knowledge and state that if it’s necessary. Your reactions could include any or all of these points: a. Why do you think this research was good/bad? b. Did you agree/disagree with the research? Why or why not? You must back up your claims with science and relevant material discussed in class. c. What did you find surprising about the article? 4. Application- How does this material relate to society/lecture material/psychology? What is the BIG picture? Explain in detail. What are the implications of this research being used in society? Is its application good, bad, or both? 5.Show MoreRelatedThe Stanford Prison Experiment And The Milgram Experiment1007 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Ethical guidelines are the frameworks and standards that govern psychologists in conducting a morally justified research to respect the rights of the participants. Since the researchers are responsible for the welfare of the participants, it is vital for them to act in accordance with a specific strict code of ethics and moral principles. One of the common ethical framework used in many psychological studies is IVCARD where ‘I’ stands for Informed Consent, ‘V’ equals Voluntary ParticipationRead MoreThe Matter Of Paying Attention1494 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The matter of â€Å"paying attention† is based on a series of cognitive functions. Attention, itself, is the ability to concentrate on a task, and the allocation of processing resources (Young, 2016). An aspect of attention, selective attention, focuses on the mental vitality and flexibility of our brain (Cognitive Psychology Class Notes, n.d.). The response of two or more conflicting signals is located in the part of the brain called the, anterior cingulate (Pardo, Pardo, Janer, RaichleRead MoreLearning Theories, Behaviorism, Constructivism, Cognitivism And E Learning1546 Words   |  7 PagesThe point of this paper is to detail the three commonly used learning theories (Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Constructivism) on online courses. The description of the implication of these learning theories can add to the procedure of learning for the learner. Online learning has developed quickly in the previous couple of years in schools obliging educators to learn compelling approach es to fabricate online groups of learners. There are obstructions to avoid and key segments to incorporate, whileRead MoreHistorical Timelime1152 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction As we glance at the evolution of nursing we begin to realize that the practice of today has been built upon 140 years of research that is responsible for the growth and development of evidenced based practice. This paper will explore several theories from Florence Nightingale to today’s theorist in sequence to visualize the development of our current nursing practice Each theorist has its own unique conceptual model that propels our profession to think differently when appliedRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Type Indicator1567 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The aim of this paper is to give general concepts of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and explore notions about its reliability as well as my personal reflection about the test result. In the first part of the report I introduce the Psychological Types of Jung and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The second part regards critical notions about the readability of the MBTI. The third part of the report consists in my reflection about the MBTI and the conclusion. The Myers-Briggs Type IndicatorRead MoreExective Summary. Game Theory Is A Fascinating Subject.1570 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' EXECTIVE SUMMARY Game theory is a fascinating subject. It is applied in many various academic fields including economics, management, biology, psychology, sociology etc. The purpose of this paper is to apply game theory to problem solving and risk management. First we present briefly game theory and illustrate the relationship between game theory, strategic planning and risk management. Game theory is combined with the theory of risk management to capture any opportunityRead MoreConformity and Obedience1770 Words   |  8 Pagespeople in authority regardless of what the act is. (Social psychology handbook pg.8) Milgram conducted an experiment into the nature of obedience in 1963 at the prestigious Yale University. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the level of obedience participant would go to in giving electric shocks to another person when ordered to by an authority figure. (Social psychology handbook pg.8) Milgram issued an advertisement in a local paper requesting people aged 20-50 from all walks of life, excludingRead Moreperformance apprisal research paper1283 Words   |  6 Pagesresource activities and business policies and may now be seen as a generic term convincing a Varity of activities through which organization seek to assess employees and develop their competence, enhance performance and distribute rewards. In this paper that has been investigated effect of performance appraisal practice on employee satisfaction. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of performance appraisal practice of police commission on employee satisfaction and fill its gap allRead MoreThe Good and Bad Side of Advertising1657 Words   |  7 Pages Compare and Contrast the ‘Good’ and ‘Bad’ side of Advertising PLAN TITLE: Compare and contrast the ‘good’ side and ‘bad’ side of advertising. PATTERN: Block Format INTRODUCTION CONTEXT: Communal Issue SUBJECT: Advertisements LIMITED SUBJECT: ‘good’ and ‘bad’ side ISSUE: compare, contrast THESIS: It states the similarities and differences but in emphasis on ‘good’ and ‘bad’ side of advertising. Similarities- â€Å"Good† side of Advertising Paragraph 1: Creates deep impression. Example: Hyundai CommercialsRead More The Work of Jean Piaget Essay1849 Words   |  8 PagesThe Work of Jean Piaget Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, was a pioneer in the field of developmental psychology. He developed many fields of science, but is recognised primarily for his contribution to the field of genetic epistemology (the theory of knowledge). He believed that there was a biological explanation for the development of knowledge, and that children had their own processes of learning, and their thought processes were separate and distinct from adults

Community Population Study Essay - 3072 Words

COMMUNITY POPULATION STUDY AND NEED For this essay, the chosen population are wards within the Tonbridge and Malling area. Tonbridge and Malling borough has a population of 117,1001 in an area of 24,013 hectares, and is divided into 26 electoral wards. According to the Tonbridge and Malling Local Authority Health Inequalities Profile April 2010 Tonbridge and Malling is an affluent borough that contains small pockets of deprivation, it has one of the widest gaps in life expectancy in Kent between the richest and poorest wards. The gap in life expectancy between the wards with the highest and lowest wards is of 8.7 years which is one of the widest gaps in Kent. Only 1400 people live in the most deprived national quintile. For this†¦show more content†¦The DOH (Healthy Lives, Healthy People 2011) states Public health has a clear priority ,and is seen as a core part of business across Government and is supported with the resources to ensure the focus on public health interventions is maintained; and the commitm ent to reduce health inequalities is a priority for all parts of the public health system, drawing on the Marmot review ( Marmot, M. (2010) Fair Society, Healthy Lives) to address the wider determinants of health and complementing the role of the NHS to reduce inequalities in access to and outcome from health services. Sarah Cowley (Community Public Health in Policy and Practice) 2nd edition (2008) p.4 states â€Å"The definition of health needs in respect of health improvement is more complex than its clinical counterparts, as it concerns whole populations and determinants of health.† http://www.nice.org.uk/niceMedia/documents/hna.pdf 2002 states that a Health needs assessment is a systematic review of the health issues facing a population leading to agreed priorities and resource allocation that will improve health and reduce inequalities. Several definitions of health needs assessment are possible. In general terms, the purpose of a health needs assessment is to improve the health of a whole population and to target resources towards improving the health of those at specific risk or in under-served population subgroups. Mackintosh et al. (1998: 18)Show MoreRelatedDemographics And Overview Of Cities2183 Words   |  9 Pagesblossoming agricultural economy, led to the immigration of Mexican-American and Asian-American laborers to seek employment in this area (Singleton 49-50). The issue of homelessness grew hand in hand with the ever growing economy. The focus of the study of homelessness was on two cities in particular, El Monte and Baldwin Park, but an overview of the Service Planning Area 3 gives a better starting point in viewing the area. The physical location of the San Gabriel Valley (right) is east of the cityRead MoreReview of Ordinary Resurrections by Jonathan Kozol Essay2135 Words   |  9 PagesIn his book, Ordinary Resurrections: Children in the Years of Hope, Jonathan Kozol pulls back the veil and provides readers with a glimpse of the harsh conditions and unrelenting hope that exists in a community located in the South Bronx called Mott Haven. Mr. Kozol provides his own socially conscious and very informative view of the issues facing the children and educators in this poverty ravaged neighborhood. Just his commentary would paint a very bleak picture of the future. It is the wordsRead MoreEssay on Amazing Grace1770 Words   |  8 Pages In this book, the children speak openly and honestly about feeling abandoned, hidden or forgotten by our nation, one that is blind to their problems. Studying the people themselves would only get us so far in understanding what their community is really like and why they feel this way. Jonathan Kozol really got to know the people individually. We can take his knowledge and stories to try for a better understanding of the environment in which they live. By doing this, we can exploreRead MoreEssay on Review of Ordinary Resurrections by Jonathan Kozol2139 Words   |  9 PagesOrdinary Resurrections by Jonathan Kozol In his book, Ordinary Resurrections: Children in the Years of Hope, Jonathan Kozol pulls back the veil and provides readers with a glimpse of the harsh conditions and unrelenting hope that exists in a community located in the South Bronx called Mott Haven. Mr. Kozol provides his own socially conscious and very informative view of the issues facing the children and educators in this poverty ravaged neighborhood. Just his commentary would paint a very bleakRead MoreAnalysis And Synthesis Of Community Mental Health Services930 Words   |  4 PagesThere are several various community mental health services available through my research. 3 out of 3 study argued not enough study or research done with their strategies and their studied are in preliminary results. However, those projects can give us a good starting point to expand community mental health services and develop access for those suffer with mental illness. Bently, (1994) discusses â€Å"optimistic view† of community mental health services. Goal of community mental health services shouldRead MoreEcological Study Of The Honey Bees And The Flowers1479 Words   |  6 Pagesscientific study of the relationships between organisms, the interactions between organisms and their environment, and the processes involved in the distribution of organisms. Flowers pollinated by honey bees in the middle of a field can be studied ecologically. For instance: the species of honey bee inhabiting this field of flowers can be analyzed, the amount of honey bees of this particular species found on this field can be calculated, and the factors affecting the honey bee population can be investigatedRead MoreEssay On Sexually Transmitted Diseases1740 Words   |  7 Pagesexamines five peer reviewed studies that report on results from research conducted about sexually transmitted diseases. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between social disparities and sexually transmitted diseases in Dallas and Collin Counties. There are certain people who are predisposed to being at a greater risk for transmitting sexually transmitted diseases in the United States given their demographic and socioeconomic status. The studies have shown without access toRead MoreThe Impact of Sea Otters on Marine Ecology Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact of predator-prey interaction on community ecology. 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The Philippine population grew by 1.9 percent annually during the decade 2000-2010. Together with the population growth ofRead MoreMental Health Needs And The Process Of Cross Cultural Adaptation1175 Words   |  5 Pagesmiddle- income countries (LMIC), there are well-known mental health needs and treatments gaps. †¢ The current study identifies mental health needs and treatment gaps which are examined in the literatures. Also, the authors describe the process of an intervention selection to meet the particular population’s needs and the process of cross-cultural adaptation. †¢ In the current study, community-based participatory research (CBCR) principles which is a Multi-phased, Collaborative, Design, Implementation

Ford Motor Free Essays

Ford Motor Company [pic] Morten Anders Rosenkrands LUC 2004 Table of contents 1. Introduction2 2. What is the history of the Ford Motor Company till today? 3 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Ford Motor or any similar topic only for you Order Now Why is the Ford losing market shares in Denmark? 4 4. What can ford do to counter act this? 5 5. What are the Ford Motor Companies plans for the future? 5 6. Conclusion6 7. Literature list7 1. Introduction In the last 100 years The Ford Motor Company has been a leading contributor to the motor industry because of its dedication to create and design cars for the future. Today Ford is losing out on some of the markets in Europe and I would like to find out why? In the following text I would like to analyze what is the history of the Ford motor Company today? Because I think it is important to look back in time to good understand how it all came to be. I would also like to analyze why is Ford losing market shares in Denmark? And further more what can Ford do to counteract this? To end it all of I am going to write about what are the Ford Motor Companies plans for the future? This should cover the question why the Ford motor Company is losing out on some of the Markets in Europe. In the text in have limited down to why is Ford losing market shares in Denmark? Because if I had taken the Ford Motor Company it would have included other motor companies like Volvo, Mazda, Lincon, Mercury, Land Rover, Jaguar and Aston Martin, and that would have been to extensive. 2. What is the history of the Ford Motor Company till today? It all started in a tiny wagon shop in Detroit staffed with about 10 people. This was the place where the second largest motor company in the world had it’s beginning. The first car the company ever made was sold to a Detroit physician. He purchased a model A Ford just one month after the company had begun. But due to failure of the model A the company was in trouble and something had to be done so the company lunched the model T which immediately became one of Ford biggest success. After 20 years of production the model T was taken off the production line. At the time Ford had sold more than a million model T’s. In 1919 Henry Ford and the companies stockholders got in a fight and they demanded that Henry Ford was taken of the post as president of the company. Henry Ford had no choice and then had to leave his company but the blood stayed in the company because Henry Ford’s son Edsel Ford took over the company. Henry Ford was not company president any more but still played a vital role in Ford because he was now head chairman. People at the time where looking for something more stylish and the model T was not it. So after the production had stooped the company went back and began production of the first model A again because it was a more stylish car but before production started it had under gone a vast improvement. In the next 4 years 4,5 million model A’s rolled of the assembly line. Ford buys Lincon. In the 1930s people began to demand more from their cars. They wanted luxury and power and that was exactly what Ford gave them with the Mercury, which was a whole new concept for Ford. Ford had now succeeded in becoming a company that made cars for the middle class. Before that Ford was more for the lower classes of society because of the price. Ford had in the previous years been so cheap that standards had fallen. 1945 Henrys son Edsel Ford, Fords president at the time, dies because of a car accident and Henry Ford now has to go back in the seat as Ford Motor Company’s president but at that time Henry is old and worn out so after 2 years as president Henry’s grand son Henry Ford II becomes president of the company. 2 years later Henry Ford dies as and old man at the age of 83. Edsel Ford remained president until 1960 where he stepped back and became executive officer until 1980. Edsel Ford dies in 1997. 1979 Ford buys Mazda 1987 Ford buys Aston Martin 1990 Ford buys Jaguar 1999 Ford buys Volvo Today another Ford is at the steering wheel of Ford. William Clay Ford junior is the present president and CEO of the company. 3. Why is the Ford losing market shares in Denmark? In the last couple of years there has been a tendency that people more often want cars which are more gas economic and are cheaper. Ford is today neither. Ford sold in 2002 Jan-Sept 7045 cars to the Danish market. The year after it only sold Jan-Sept 5227[1] cars. One of Ford main problems today is that is does not have a very good image. People see Ford as a middle class car with low class components and not very good mileage to the liter. One of Fords other problems is that Ford has never gotten very good grades in ncap[2] tests. This also adds to Fords not so good image. 4. What can ford do to counter act this? Strengths |Weaknesses | |Good production facilities, strong leadership, good image in USA, good |Image, quality of their cars, expensive for what you get in terms of | |sales in USA, owns several other car companies in the world, well known |quality, | |brand, | | |Opportunities |Threats | |WAT in Denmark falls, other car manufactures drop the Danish market, |Prize of oil rises, WAT rises in Denmark, more car manufactures come in | | |to the Danish market, a serious fault is found on Fords cars, | Fr om the SWAT analysis it is easy to see what Ford needs to do if they want to change their image and sell some more cars. In the future Ford should also try to make their cars a bit cheaper so that the quality of the car and the prize are match up. If Ford wants to change their image they should try to have a better-aimed marketing strategy because today Fords marketing strategy is aimed at a very large group of people. This is not the most effective way to sell cars they should instead try to focus on more specific groups of people. The problem for the Danish market is just that people in Denmark are very affected by the gas prizes this is why a lot of fuel economic cars are bought today. So if Ford would like to sell more cars they should try to make their cars more gas economic. This I think combined with good marketing scheme could be a very effective way to sell more cars in Denmark. On the other hand Ford could make their cars more luxuries but that would not be plausible on the Danish market. 5. What are the Ford Motor Companies plans for the future? Ford Motor Company has in the latest years intensified their research in renewable fuels. What they have come up with is that cars in the future could be driving on hydrogen. The good thing about hydrogen engine is that the only exhaust it makes is water. So there would be no problems with the toxic foams cars make today. The down side about the hydrogen engine is that the speed of it is still limited. Ford does not at this time have a plan for when they are going to start producing the hydrogen car but they expect it to be on the streets within 10 years. At the time Ford is desperately trying to change their slumping image by re-lunching several of their old classic cars. In the last to years Ford has re-lunched 3 of their old classics the Ford Mustang, the Ford Thunderbird and the Ford GT40. By re-lunching these models Ford is trying to relive some of the golden years they had in the 1950s and 1960s. On the American market the cars have been a limited success. Although the thunderbird was named car of the year in 2003 the market is at this time getting a little tired of the car and sales have almost stopped completely. [pic] The problem for Ford in Denmark is just that none of these new re-lunched cars are ever going to be sold on the Danish market. The reason why Ford is not going to sell these cars in Denmark is because the Danish market would never buy that kind of fuel guzzling cars. This is what I think today is one of Ford biggest problems because Ford in reality has to design to different cars one for the American market and one for the rest of the world. Almost no other car manufacturer does this they only lunch one model for the entire world. By only lunching one model they can save some money on marketing because some adds can be used on the European markets as well as on the American markets. 6. Conclusion From the text it is easy to see that Ford is a great company with a lot of history and traditions. But today history and traditions do not sell cars people have in the latest years seen an increase in oil prizes that have changed the way they look at cars today. From thinking more about quality and strength people have a tendency to want cars that are cheaper and drive longer on the fuel. This has made it difficult for Ford to compete with the some of the Chinese car manufactures witch have a long line of tradition in making cheap and fuel economic cars. One of the things Ford then could do is to make more fuel economic cars or change their strategy and make cheaper cars so that their current prize and the cars quality match. This is why Ford in the future has plans for hydrogen cars. Ford is also at the moment trying to change their image by re-lunching so of the companies most popular cars from the 1950s and 1960s. 7. Literature list Homepages: www. ford. com www. motormagasinet. dk ———————– [1] Sales numbers from www. transportmagasinet. dk/statestikcenter/bilsalgstal-sept-2003. pdf [2] ncap is a European car test agency where they test cars in crash tests. How to cite Ford Motor, Essay examples

Heart Of Darkness (1235 words) Essay Example For Students

Heart Of Darkness (1235 words) Essay Heart Of DarknessSetting: The author placed the novel’s setting on a stream boat on a river near London. The Nellie, a cruising yawl, swung to her anchor without a flutter of the sails, and was at rest (1). Then the narrator tells his story in a flash back which he tells about Marlow’s experiences in the African jungle specifically on the Congo river. The majority of the story is told in flash back about the voyage in to the heart of darkness. Characters: The central character is obviously Marlow. He is a man of modesty and courage, which are not stereotypical traits of a sailor which he has become. The book focuses morally on his personal character and then describes to the norm of the rest of the world. The character that Marlow becomes obsessed with later is Kurtz. He is a mysterious dark man who made money trading ivory down the Congo river. In the interior you will no doubt meet Mr. Kurtz. On my asking who Mr. Kurtz was, he said he was a first-class agent (85) here Marlow is talking to a captain and first finds out about Kurtz. Later he finds out that he transports ivory. Among other insignificant characters on the boat deck of the Nellli were a lawyer and an accountant. Their role seemed as only to be and audience to Marlow and the other unnamed narrator. Point of View: The point of view is from Marlow, but the tale is told from a nameless observer. This is the reason why the novel is in third person, and Marlow’s is refereed to also in third person. Marlow sat cross-legged right aft, leaning against the mizzenmast. He had sunken cheeks, a yellow complexion, a straight back, an ascetic aspect, and, with his arms dropped, the palms of hands outwards, resembled an idol. (69) Also the previous quote shows a honest virtue by being compared to as someone to look up to. Action: The story begins with Marlow and four other characters on a boat in the Thames river. The story line then goes into a flashback, and tells Marlow’s story of his adventures in the Congo. He has a connection to become a steam boat captain, but when he arrives at the first station he finds out that his boat is at the bottom of the river. Also Marlow has to rise the boat and repair it with inferior tools. That, and the repairs when I brought the pieces to the station, took some months (79). For it to take so long it must have been second rate help and labor. Marlow secretly hears about a man names Kurtz and become interested in him. He wanted to know about how he became such a good successful ivory trader. One day the boat was traveling down the river and they were attacked by natives. e, became instantly the prey of an abject funk, and would let that cripple of a steamboat (106). Finally they arrive at the inner station, where a Russian speaks of the ! illness that Kurtz has. Then the sicken Kurtz is brought on the boat. The Russian suggest that Kurtz be taken away from the village. Kurtz had strange taste in personal wants. Marlow suggests that Kurtz was warped by the jungle and would account for the heads on top of post, his lust for blood, and the raiding parties on other villages. The Russian then takes a rifle and disappears into the jungle. Now that the Russian is gone, the boat starts its way back up the river. The natives gather and the men open fire, after Marlow blows the whistle to scare them off. Kurtz later talks to Marlow and confides in him. Kurtz believes he will be dying soon. Marlow attempts to soothe him, but he is unchanged. .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1 , .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1 .postImageUrl , .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1 , .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1:hover , .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1:visited , .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1:active { border:0!important; } .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1:active , .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1 .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u704fb73335fa5405dd62b342778a52e1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Genetics Essay That night Kurtz dies. Suddenly the managers boy put his insolent black head in the doorway, and said in a tone of scathing contempt: Mistah Kurtz he dead. Feeling the way Marlow did he went to Kurtz’s wife to be and told her the news. She was astonished and as Marlow said his last words, the story went back to the boat and Marlow was meditating like a Buddha. Marlow ceased, and sat apart, indistinct and silent, in the pose of a meditating Buddha (157). Style: The Heart of Darkness looks deeply into the mist of man’s soul. Conrad’s depth suggests that he was telling society about today’s problems with peoples true feelings. Furthermore Conrad makes to opposing main forces, deception and honesty. Through the application of structure, tone, and symbolism Conrad explorers the dark interior of men. Heart of Darkness was divided into three sections. Each time a section started the scene was a boat deck. It was written as a narrative inside a narrative and the ‘jumping’ around from decade to decade and places reminds the reader that it still is a fiction novel. After was silent for a while (75) the novel is sharply interrupted and suddenly reverts back to the boat deck in the Thames river. The structure also added suspense to the novel by leaving the reader hanging at certain points then later coming back and explaining how they fit into the story later on. The dynamic tone of the entire book was extremely pessimistic as well as dark and cold. Dark human shapes could be made out in the distance, flitting indistinctly against the gloomy border of the forest (136). This quote clearly states the dark style of Conrad’s writing. More darkness is brought out in the first meeting of Kurtz and Marlow. Fence post spears with human heads rest in the yard (153).Kurtz passion for gore and other deviating tendencies reflects that no one can escape the savagery of the jungle. Symbolism plays a large role in the novel by placing two powerful forces against each other. The main symbols were Marlow and Kurtz who was a maverick and a savage beast that lived in the domain of the purely evil jungle. Marlow, then, represented a pure civilized soul who has not been drawn to the savagery by a dark, alienated jungle. Kurtz is also white man’s failure in Africa by not comforming to the standard believes and protocol. He did not tame the native. Another reoccurring term was the symbol of the pilgrim. A pilgrim was a native worker or a low life European who sailed on the African rivers. as the pilgrims were unloading the cargo, Marlow watched the river†¦(128). The name Kurtz has symbolic meaning in the German language as meaning non restrictive. Symbolism was the main aspect of the underlying meaning of the novel. Conrad motivation came from his personal experience of being a boat captain in Africa and seeing the horrors of it. But as he stayed they longer he realized the savage beast was present all over the so called civilized world. Theme: The darkness, the mysterious unknown, and opposing all progress were the major themes in the novel. According to Conrad, the will to give into the uncivilized man does not reside in Kurtz alone. Every man has inside himself a heart of darkness, but is drowned in a bath of light shed by the advent of civilization. Book Reports

Protean free essay sample

Examining the impact of protean and boundaries career attitudes upon subjective career success. This Journal by Enhance et al. Speaks about two kinds of employees and their career attitudes and they are protean and boundaries. Because of the theory that we are testing, we will only be looking at protean career attitudes and employees who follow them. Until recently, career development and success were looked at to be a full time and long-term Jobs.Recently, career development is seen as a person taking control of himself and his own career and vocational destiny. A protean employee can be defined as being someone who is able to change when needed and is someone who is flexible and has the skills to adapt to new changes. According to Brioche et al. (2006), protean career attitudes capture self-direction in career management and making choices based on ones own values in guiding ones career and vocational development. We will write a custom essay sample on Protean or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This also shows us that protean individuals tend to look at both self-direction and values driven predisposition. King (2004) also argued that taking responsibility for managing ones career development can deliver positive psychological outcomes, including career and life satisfaction, enhanced self-efficacy and individual well- being, if desired career outcomes are achieved.Taking into account the definitions of protean employees and their attitudes and looking at the theory we are presenting, we can hopefully find a relation showing that protean employees can help society. By having traits of self-direction and values driven, protean employees will ensure their Insertion Into society given the right Incentives. Slide Title: Examining the Impact of protean and boundaries career attitudes upon subjective career success. Protean and boundaries * Traditional career attitudes * Protean employee definition: * Brioche et al. 2006) * Self-direction and values-driven * King (2004) * Conclusion * Insertion Into society given the right Incentives Protean By Andalusias them. Until recently, career development and success were looked at to be a full driven, protean employees will ensure their insertion into society given the right incentives. Slide Title: Examining the impact of protean and boundaries career attitudes upon.

Ivan milat essays

Ivan milat essays Seven backpackers had disappeared while traveling south along the Hume highway, Between December 1989 and April 1992. Bodies were discovered In Belangalo state forest between September 1992 and November 1993. After extensive police searches of the area, five more bodies were discovered. The bodies were later found to be that of Deborah Everest and James Gibson of Victoria, Simone Schmindl from Germany, Anja Habschied and Gabor Neugebauer also from Germany, and Joanne Walters and Caroline Clarke from the United Kingdom. The victims were all young, between 19 and 22 years of age. Forensic evidence showed that each victim was attacked savagely and with a great deal of force, much more than was necessary to cause death. Two of the victims had been shot multiple times in the head. Three had stab wounds which would have caused severe paralysis, two of them had there spinal cord severed. One had been decapitated. Two had been strangled and all but one appeared two have been sexually abused, either before or after death. One Backpacker had managed to escape and report the incident to the Police. Paul Onions, a British backpacker. On 25th January 1990 Onions was hitchhiking along the Hume highway when he was picked up and later attacked by Milat but fortunately escaped. After the discovery of the bodies police made contact with onions who returned to Australia in 1994 and 1996 as a key witness in Milats trial. Police slowly found evidence linking Ivan Milat with the murders. They found that three of the Milat brothers owned a small property on the "Wombeyan Caves" road, twenty five miles from Belangalo. In addition, one vehicle found was a silver "Nissan Patrol" four-wheel-drive that had been owned by Ivan Milat, similar to the one described by Onion. Paul Onions then positively identified Ivan Milat in a police photo line up. On this, authorization was given to search the homes of Ivan Milat and his mother and Brothers Richard, Walter an ...

Wbsite Paper on Conflict Resolution for a Graduate Education Class Essay

Wbsite Paper on Conflict Resolution for a Graduate Education Class - Essay Example Description: Peaceful conflict resolution, recognizing the value of cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural connections to enhance conflict resolution choices universally. Conferences, publications, resources, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), mediators, arbitrators, training programs, career center, academic journal, and events. Description: Community development program dedicated to the establishment of an all-inclusive civilization of peace through assistance for communities to prevent conflict, strengthen inter-group cooperation and apply the principles of unity-in-diversity, equality and justice within sustainable community-building processes. Description: University-based academic center which serves as coordinating mechamism to advance research and innovative program development throughout the City University as well as the New York City metropolitan area. Projects and programs, events, publications, links, resources. New York City Directory of Dispute Resolution Programs. Compensated and Pro-Bono Mediation opportunities. Description: Program aimed at reducing violence and violence related behavior in the schools of the United States. Research and evaluation of schools violence information. Resource center, educational programs. Links arranged by category. Library. Dropout prevention database. Description: Offers low- or no-cost services to K-12 education, in the Commonwealth of Massachussets, in the areas of bullying prevention, cyberbullying education and prevention, and violence prevention. Sections for educators, parents and public. Mailing list. Description: Dedicated to equip, encourage, and support individuals as peacemakers in their personal relationships, families, churches, schools, professions, and communities. Newsletter, mediation services, academic programs, resources, links, and articles

EU law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

EU law - Essay Example Again, Article 226 of the EC Treaty lays down that a Member State has been unable to perform a directive as stipulated under this treaty, it shall forward its reasoning after giving the accountable State an opportunity to submit its opinions on such directives. However, â€Å"If the State concerned does not comply with the opinion within the period laid down by the Commission, the latter may bring the matter before the Court of Justice.† (Treaty Establishing The European Atomic Energy Community (E.A.E.C-Euratom) Title Three- Provision Governing The Institutions, Chapter 1: The Institutions Of The Community, Section IV, The Court Of Justice, Article 141). Therefore, under EU laws it is possible for a party to â€Å"lodge a complaint with the Commission against a Member State for any measure (law, regulation or administrative action) or practice attributable to a Member State which they consider incompatible with a provision or a principle of Community law.† Conditions of a direct effect of directives: Therefore considering the First part of the question, it could be well within the prerogatives of EU laws for the members of the gardening club (directly affected) and the local residents (indirectly affected) to bring an action against UK government for violation of deemed European Commission directives. According to conditions of a direct effect of directives, the clauses of the wordings need to be clear and cogent. This has been satisfied by Directives 2006/2001 (Chemical ABC) and Directives 2006/2002(Chemical XYZ)

Obama's Struggle with Congress over Debt Ceiling Crisis Case Study

Obama's Struggle with Congress over Debt Ceiling Crisis - Case Study Example With this law in place, the United States government would work without prejudice or malice within itself through its various dockets. Therefore, the Senate at the time enacted this law preventing inter government wrangles by setting a ceiling or a maximum on the lending ability; this would not increase for any department no matter the situation (Woodward 1). In this regard, the United State Congress in that year needed to raise the debt ceiling, which President Barrack Obama declined. In a quick rejoinder to avert a crisis, President Obama called a crisis meeting on July 23 2011 between him and the top Congressional representatives at the White House where he sought to reach an amicable solution to the looming crisis. The meeting later proved inconsequential. The Congressmen present included Nancy Pelosi of the House of Minority, House Speaker John A. Boehner, Harry M. Reid of the Senate Majority and Mitch Mc Connell of the Senate Minority. This meeting took place at least 10 days b efore the U. S went into default that threatened to cripple its function, as it would not have had money for it to run on efficiently. It was also held in the wake of a night that the speaker had called off attempts to raise the $14Trillion debt limit and save the government’s repute. ... Allegedly, this infuriated the president but he could not do anything at the time. Eventually, Obama reiterated that it was his duty to sign the bill into law therefore implying that he would not sign it. Surprisingly, the Senate Majority leader Reid Harry interjected and requested the president to allow the Congress representatives to speak in private. This was a clear indication that the president’s presence, in a meeting that he had called for, had no impact. His decency intact, Obama let them have their private session but did not take those remarks lightly. He did not want to appear as though he were a dictator and hence allowed democracy to prevail even in that particular meeting. Some would consider it cowardly but for Obama, as the man that he is, it is the greatest act of power. To him it is not about imposing ideas and infringing other people’s rights but it is about equal participation in decision-making. In the events leading to the meeting, the four leaders allegedly plotted to use the debt ceiling increase as a campaign debate tool come the 2012 presidential elections. Obama had adamantly continued to decline to this arrangement insisting on possible consideration after the elections. Further, the president went to an extent of calling Boehner on the night of the aborted meeting, while he was dinning with friends, to insist that he would not relent and sign the bill into law. The House Speaker pointed out to Obama that his concern was substantial but if they did not increase the debt ceiling limit at that time then the government would have to go into bad debt. Additionally, he highlighted that going back on

Gender Gender Socialization Theories

Gender Gender Socialization Theories According to many sociologists, there exists difference between sex and gender. Sex is the biological classification and gender is the outcome of social construction of separate roles of males and females. According to Lorber (2005), masculinity and femininity is not inborn that is children are taught these traits. As soon as a child is identified as being a male or female then everybody start treating him or her as such. Children learn to move in gendered ways through the support of his environment. They are taught the gendered roles projected someone who is female or male. As the child grows up, he develops his identity, know how to interact with others and learn the role to play in the society. Lorber, Judith. 2005. Night to His Day: The Social Construction of Gender. In The Spirit of Sociology: A Reader, ed. R. Matson, 292-305.New York: Penguin. There are many drivers involved in the socialization process which transmits the traditional gender role to the children and henceforth leading to occupational segregation later on. One set of gender socialization occur between parents and offspring. Parents are considered to be the primary agency in the process of socialization. They are inclined to interact with boys and girls in discrete styles. For example, a one year old baby is considered to have no sex difference, and however, parents are likely to act with boys and girls in dissimilar ways. They react to boys, when they seek interest by being aggressive and girls when they use gestures. Such interaction have long term effect on girls and boys communication styles, leading boys to more assertive styles and girls with more emotive styles. Ann Oakley and Ruth Hartley (1974), studies point out four main ways in which socialization into gender roles occur. Firstly, applying diverse physical and verbal manipulations to the child, for example, dressing a girl in feminine clothes. Secondly, drawing the child attention towards gender-identified toys. This is known as canalization whereby, boys and girls are given certain toys, clothing, sports equipment, and other objects are often culturally identified more with one gender than the other. Boys toys tend to encourage physical activity, whereas girls toys tend to stress physical proximity and mother-child talk. According to Oakley (1974), the socialization process aid to the maintenance of male dominance and female subservience. The roles learn through the above process shape adult behaviour and hence, contribute to the reproduction of differences in behavior of males and females. Thirdly, Applies Different Verbal Descriptions to the Same Behavior: Even years later, working in professional careers, women might find that they have to deal with different standards for the same behavior, being called pushy, for example, for behavior at work that in men is admired for being aggressive. The same thing happens in childhood: A boy is encouraged for being active, where as a girl is rebuked for being too rough. Or a girl is complimented for beinggentle, but a boy is criticized for not being competitive enough. Encourages or Discourages Certain Stereotypical Gender-Identified Activities: As a boy, were you asked to help mother with sewing, cooking, ironing, and the like? As a girl, were you made to help dad do yard work, shovel snow, takeout the trash, and so on? For most children, its often the reverse. Note thatthe identification of girls with indoor domestic chores and boys with outdoorchores becomes training for stereotypical gender roles (McHale et al. 1990;Blair 1992; Leaper 2002; Shellenbarger 2006). The education system is also considered to be a major part of the gender socialisation process. The hidden curriculum is known for reinforcing the traditional model of how girls and boys look and act through the use of course material. For example, teachers reinforces gender roles by encouraging boys and girls to develop different skills. According to Thorne (1993), children also divide themselves along gender lines in the lunch room, claiming different spaces of the playground, and often sanction individuals who violate gender roles. Mass media are one of the most powerful tools of gender socialization because television, magazines, radio, newspapers, video games, movies, and the Internet are ubiquitous in American culture. Like other social institutions, mass media reinforce traditional gender roles. Magazines targeted at girls and women emphasize the importance of physical appearance as well as finding, pleasing, and keeping a man. While boys and mens magazines also focus on the importance of physical appearance, they also stress the importance of financial success, competitive hobbies, and attracting women for sexual encounters (rather than lasting relationships). These supposed masculine and feminine characteristics and behaviors are reinforced across the media system, from video games and movies that show athletic heroes rescuing thin and busty damsels in distress, to television programs that depict women as housewives, nurses, and secretaries and men as lawyers, doctors, and corporate tycoons. Print media a lso play an important role in socialization. In childrens literature, for example, boys typically are the protagonists, who use strength and intelligence to overcome an obstacle. When girls are included in stories, they are typically passive followers of the male leader or helpers eager to support the male protagonist in his plan. This state of affairs is undergoing change, however. An increasing number of television shows (Zena: Warrior Princess, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Alias, and Veronica Mars), movies(Laura Croft: Tomb Raider and Elektra), and books (Harry Potter) have crafted new visions of masculinity and femininity. It remains to beseen if these images take hold and affect gender socialization processes. Mass media They also learn gender roles, the behavior and activities expected of someone who is male or female. These expectations channel male and female energies in different gender- appropriate directions. As children learn to look and behave like boys or girls, most reproduce and perpetuate their societys version of how the two sexes should be. When children fail to behave in gender-appropriate ways, their character becomes suspect (Lorber 2005) Lorber, Judith. 2005. Night to HisDay: The Social Construction ofGender. In The Spirit of Sociology:A Reader, ed. R. Matson, 292-305.New York: Penguin. At the minimum people call girls who violate the rules tomboys and boys who do so sissies. The gender socialization process may be direct or indirect. It is indirect when children learn gender expectations by observing others words and behavior, such as the jokes, comments, and stories they hear about men and women or portrayals of men and women they see in magazines, books, and on television(Raag and Rackliff1998).   Raag, Tarja, and Christine Rackliff.1998. Preschoolers Awarenessof Social Expectations of Gender: Relationships to Toy Choices.Sex Roles: A Journal of Research38(9-10): 685. Socialization is direct when significant others intentionally convey the societal expectations to children. Agents of Socialization Agents of socialization are the significant people, groups, and institutions that act to shape our gender identity-whether we identify as male, female, or something in between. Agents of socialization include family, classmates, peers, teachers, religious leaders, popular culture, and mass media. Child development specialist Beverly Fagot and her colleagues (1985) observed how preschool teachers shape gender identity. Specifically, the researchers focused on how toddlers, ages 12 and 24 months, in a play group interacted and communicated with one another and how teachers responded to the childrens attempts to communicate. Fagot, Beverly, Richard Hagan, Mary Driver Leinbach, and Sandra Kronsberg. 1985. Differential Reactions to Assertive and Communicative Acts of Toddler Boys and Girls. Child Development 56(6): 1499-1505. Fagot found no differences in the interaction styles of 12-month-old boys and girls: All of the children communicated by gestures, gentle touches, whining, crying, and screaming. The teachers, however, interacted with them in gender-specifi c ways. They were more likely to respond to girls who communicated in gentle, feminine ways and to boys who communicated in assertive, masculine ways. That is, the teachers tended to ignore girls assertive acts but respond to boys assertive acts. Thus, by the time these toddlers were two, they communicated in very different ways. Fagots research was conducted more than 20 years ago. A more recent study found that early childhood teachers are more accepting of girls cross-gender behaviors and explorations than they are of boys. According to this research, teachers believe that boys who behave like sissies are at greater risk of growing up to be homosexual and psychologically ill-adjusted than are girls who behave like tomboys. This fi nding suggests that while American society has expanded the range of behaviors and appearances deemed acceptable for girls, it has not extended the range for boys in the same way (Cahill and A dams 1997). Childrens toys and celebrated images of males and females fi gure prominently in the socialization process, along with the ways in which adults treat children. Barbie dolls, for example, have been marketed since 1959 with the purpose of inspiring little girls to think about what they wanted to be when they grew up. The dolls are available in 67 countries. An estimated 95 percent of girls between ages 3 and 11 in the United States have Barbie dolls, which come in several different skin colors and 45 nationalities (Mattel 2010).

Essay --

Why Is Managing Inbound Logistics Important To An Organization? Inbound logistics relates to the movement of goods or the materials from suppliers and vendors into manufacturing procedures or storeroom facilities. Inbound logistics basically comprises of two functions that are the purchase of materials and the logistics that are the procurement and planning. The management of inbound logistics is important to organizations for two major reasons, one that relates to the organization and the other that relates to the suppliers and vendors. Of course, reducing costs by effective management of inbound logistics does not mean that suppliers and vendors are effective negatively. There got to be a way where both take advantage of effective management of inbound logistics otherwise there would be costs increment at other instances (Gonzalez, 2002). Managing inbound logistics is important because managing the expenses of movement of goods all the way through the supply chain is an enormous t ask for both the shippers and deliverers.  A particular consignment comprises of both inter and the intra organizational dealings and exchanges. During this interchange and communication, data and information is required by different people in addition to customers, vendors, transporters, customer service agents, secretarial, acquisition, product management, inventory supervision, storehouse administration, and completion. Companies procure transportation services with specific carrier partners that both meet their requirements for price & service and have a solid understanding of the nuances of their business needs.   Additionally, these companies establish business processes and rules of engagement to facilitate the efficient flow of information and m... ..." References Aldrich, D. (1998) The new value chain – Today’s digital age means companies must rethink how they deliver what their customers value. Information Week, September 14, 1998. Gonzalez, Adrian (2002) Inbound logistics drives strong demand for transportation systems Warehousing Management; Radnor McGinnis, Michael A. and Cancro, J. Patrick (2003) â€Å"Logistics Basics for Purchasing and Supply Professionals†, http://www.google.com.pk/search?q=cache:bviDnM1ZSCYJ:www.ism.ws/ResourceArticles/Proceedings/2003/McGinnisHH.pdf+inbound+logistics+important+to+an+organization&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 Rayport, J.F. & Sviokla, J.J. (1995) Exploiting the virtual value chain. Harvard Business Review, 73(6): 75-86. Tyran, Craig K. and James Coakley (2000) Supplemental Class Notes: The Value Chain, http://www2.bus.orst.edu/faculty/coakley/BA471_web/Lectures/Value_Chain_Class_Notes.htm

Stadium Contracts

Need to talk about criteria/ funding where the money came from The Wembley stadium was built using a Design and build Procurement strategy. A Design and build strategy is where a single contractor is responsible for both the design and construction of the stadium. The client must specify the type of building they require and the contractor proposes the best design to meet this, this information was found at the web address Building. co. uk. A design and build project allows the low risk factor as for the client has the contractor takes on the risk by offering a fixed cost contract.The web address designbuild-network. com states the original provision for a building cost was around ? 352m, with total project costs of ? 757m. A fixed price contract protects the client from any expiring costs, for example if the construction of the stadium was to have any over runs or delays. The main contractor building Wembley stadium was Multiplex (UK) Ltd and Cyril Sweett acted as independent consul tants to Wembley National Stadium Limited (WNSL). In April 2002 the client was advised by Cyril Sweet the Multiplex contract was representing value for money this was stated on web address designbuild-network. om. Although Multiplex was the main contractor the project was project managed by Symonds. From the outset of this project was focused on risk transfer, the WNSL passed on all the risk to Multiplex and Multiplex passed on the risk to Symonds. Although the procurement method between the WNSL and Multiplex was Design and build, the procurement strategy for Multiplex and their sub-contractors was solely focused on risk transfer and not the needs of the project. a discussion on the criteria which would have been used to select the procurement strategy / building contract.The project priorities was The management capability The extent of risk that WNSL were prepared to accept was http://www. building. co. uk/data/procurement-construction-management/3072705. article the http://www. designbuild-network. com/projects/wembley/ Terminal 5 The terminal 5 project procurement route was a single contract called the T5 agreement. The decision was made by BAA that rather than passing the risk on to the vast amount of contractors involved in the project, BAA would take on all the risk. The webs address christianwolmar. o. uk states Mathew Riley, the company’s commercial director for Terminal 5, realised the financial consequences of risk being passed to contractors was the reason many recent construction projects had failed. BAA realised that projects such as the Jubilee Line Extension, the Scottish Parliament and the Millennium Dome had not really worked because ultimately the risk would always fall back on itself. Also many recent projects where the risk was attempted to be passed resulted in massive legal claims and counterclaims.Terminal 5 was a large infrastructure project involving over 60 contractors, 16 major projects and 147 sub-projects on a 260ha site. With such a project BAA realised that if the projects were to be built on time and within budget that a unique approach would be required. This information was found at web address www. airport-technology. com As a result of not wanting to pass on the risk, the sheer size of the project and the amount of contactors needed to be involved. The T5 agreement was a legally binding contract between BAA and its contractors. This agreement llowed the contractors to concentrate on the project and solving problems rather than worrying about time delays and risk. Web address the times online explains the new Terminal Five at Heathrow is the current benchmark for construction best practice. The recipe is simple. A client that takes a level of ownership of project (in this case he created a challenging vision for how it wanted the project delivered); a procurement approach that offers incentives to all, for improvements in cost, or time or quality and; and a proven construction and design team w ho work in a collaborative and innovative way. ttp://www. christianwolmar. co. uk/2005/04/project-management-at-heathrow-terminal-5/ http://www. airport-technology. com/projects/heathrow5/ http://www. timesonline. co. uk/tol/comment/article700388. ece http://www. christianwolmar. co. uk/2005/04/project-management-at-heathrow-terminal-5/ Scottish Parliament Provide general background information on each project. cover the roles and responsibilities of the Client, Design Team and Contractor involved. The first Scottish parliament building was created in September 1997 after a referendum in which people of Scotland voted by almost three to one.The client, the Scottish government decided on building a complex building from a mixture of steel, oak, and granite. The procurement route chosen by the Scottish government was construction management. The web address www. parliament. uk explains the procurement route chosen was to turn out to be the most significant decisions during the project , and also states Construction management offers the advantage of speed but with the disadvantage of price uncertainty until the last has been leased.Construction management was chosen not only for allowing the project to be started quickly and the reduction in overall construction. But the procurement route allows for change in design during the project and problems are generally solved rather than passed around the separate contractors. Choosing construction management as a procurement strategy means the client is responsible for leading the project and must take liability for any risks or mistakes.The Scottish government would have to hire designers to design the building, then the design could have been put out to tender. The advantage of construction management is that all tenders are based on the same design and can be compared easily. The web address www. ehow. com explains the client then has a trade contractor then adds details to this plan and finalizes it with the client. After this, the client typically hires a construction manager to oversee the process and manage workers.Though the construction manager takes a strong, second-hand position the client is the person that is ultimately in charge. This allows a less experienced client to have control of the build with construction advise from the construction manager. a discussion on the criteria which would have been used to select the procurement strategy / building contract.http://www. ehow. com/about_6635095_construction-management-procurement_. html

Alfred Adler: Personality Theories Essay

I learned a lot regarding personality psychology during my helping plan project that involved the offering of psychological assistance to a teen in foster care that was laden with several psychological problems emanating from separation and loss of loved ones. The experience gave me a deeper insight into the theory of self and others as part of personality identity. For instance, the client (Y) had all the reasons to portray the behavior traits that she exhibited before the intervention program, simply because her perception of self relative to others led her into forming an inferior perception on herself (inferiority complex). [Ansbacher & Ansbacher (Eds. ) (1956)] A quick summary of the client life indicates that, despite being young (15 years) and from a minority group (Hispanics) she had lived in foster care system for more than six years, her other time was spend with family members and extended family since she was six years. She and her brother have about one year without seeing their mother since she (mother) has been in and out of jail due to drug related cases. Her aunt placed her and her brother in foster care because she could not afford to take care of them. She has been into four foster care homes and three different schools in a period of two years; she has also been living in four different demographic areas. Generally, the client was experiencing a lot of difficulties in coping to her new placement: she showed defiant behaviors to the foster care workers, she has severally expressed her resentment for being in a foster home, and she cannot explain the reason as to why she cannot live with her family members instead of other people’s family. Based on the self and others perspective, there may have existed the hope that the client would one day grow out of her aggressive behavior as she was still young, however, my helping plan was guided by Adlerian theory of personality that holds that idealistic plans for adulthood are often formed early in one’s life: powerful positive or negative experiences [at a young age impacts one future life, for example he (Adler) loosed his young brother aged three years, as a result he vowed to overcome death, he became a doctor in later years. My assessment of the clients’ problems revealed that they were serious and therefore demanded a holistic approach that would fix them once and for all and give the client a reason to smile and be happy by helping her, create, nurture, and exhibit positive attitude towards life. The ABC model that was used to solve the clients problems can be said to be holistic: it investigated the causal agents to the clients’ problems (separation and losses), it helped her to build a strong believe about the behavior that leads to the problems, and it enabled her to see the consequent of such behaviors were environmentally entrenched. Holistic approach was one of the calling cards that defined Adlerian theories of personality psychology. The helping plan objectives were measurable and achievable and prototype to Adlerian theory of Individual Psychology. In developing the theory Adler, was deeply intrigued by the early life of Theodore Roosevelt, which was characterized by several bouts of sicknesses such as diarrhea, nausea, coughs, fever, thinness, nearsightedness, and other sorts of severe illnesses. Again, Adler early life at home and in school was full of setbacks, he had to spend four years before learning how to walk due an attack of rickets, in school he was a below average student: nevertheless he became a medical doctor in his future life. My client was young and faced with deprivation of close family members, as a result she loosed interest in life: she did not conceptualize the reason as why other children of her age were enjoying their parental love while did not. Therefore, my helping plan created what Adler refereed to as motivational force the striving for perfection: the desire we all have to fulfill our potentials, to come closer and closer to our ideal – the idea of self-actualization, self-actualization because it was designed to teach the client new strategies of dealing and overcoming hurt and anger. The clients, problem can be interpreted as emanating from the uniqueness with which every individual has in respect to others. According to Adler’s Individual Psychology, four aspects define the personality growth of individuals. These aspects are: the development of personality, striving towards superiority, psychological health, and unity of personality. In efforts to strive for perfection, sometimes people are haunted by the feeling that they are inferior to others (inferiority complex): the lack of self-worth. This feelings gets into an individuals mind when he or she perceives his environment to be inadequate to help in striving to reach a goal by attainment of which will make us feel strong, superior, and complete. This is the exact situation that the client Y seemed to be in, she wanted to be accorded parental love just as other children, she wanted to live with her members of family just as other children did, but being in a foster care home made realize that she was more inferior to those other children as her efforts to behave indifferently only worsened her situation – moving from one foster care home to another. The intervention program was meant to help the client to move from this inferiority to complex to a better place that would enable her to build a positive attitude in life: the superiority complex. According to Adler, people are always trying to overcome the feelings of inferiority and replace them with superiority complex feelings. The intervention program’s model and tactics used in inputting and outputting important information from the client led to what Adler claimed to be fictional finalism. It tried to induce a clear sense of direction to making decisions that concerns the client wellbeing as a foster care home member. The client knew very well that her mother was in jail and that her aunt could not afford to take care of her and her brother, but she continued agonizing and making her life in the foster care homes more difficult. The intervention helped to create what Adler termed as mental phenomenon that helps an individual in discovering new characteristic pursuits of goals, powers, faculties, experiences, wishes and fears, defects and capacities. Both conscious and unconscious faculties of the client were utilized throughout the intervention program, in the stages of information extraction and coping strategy teaching, this steered the client into the final fictional finalism stage. Adler declared that each individual has an incomparable way of life, some people are negative while others are positive, this was fulfilled in the intervention’s careful measures of evaluation (both formative and summative) were aimed at accommodating and modifying the intervention where necessary in order to suit the individual uniqueness of the client. Again, the rigorous information extraction and coping strategy imparting is a prototype to Alderian methods of individual psychology. Alderians are known to excavate the clients past in view of altering his or her future by increasing the integration into community in the ‘here-and-now. ’ This approach leads to the creation of holistic individuals who boasts of having healthy personalities free from dysfunctions. According to Adler, human psychology is psychodynamic in nature, yet it is guided by goals and fuelled by yet to be known creative forces. These goals have a â€Å"teleological† function, in that, they are fictional. The inferiority/superiority dynamic is constantly at work during the process of shaping human psychology. This is achieved through numerous compensation and over-compensation which comes in varying forms. This is exactly what I learned during my roles as a helper in the intervention program. For instance, the intervention program’s core goal was to help the client develop and practice worthwhile strategies of coping with anger and anxiety in their stay in foster care homes. In his work, Adler argued that human personality can be explained in a teleological manner: the separate strands that are characterized by dominance in the urge to invoke individuals’ unconscious self ideal to convert the feelings of inferiority to superiority and ultimately to fictional finalism. The intervention program provided the teleological space to understand the client personality and hence strive to induce the conscience ideal for the conversion of inferiority feelings to superiority feelings and ultimately the fictional finalism. The three foot tosses (what matters to the client now? Where the client is as it relate to what matters? What the client is willing to do to move forward the indented direction? ), used in the study helped to come up with the correct strategies for coping in foster care home life, and in offering the appropriate dose of compensation that was able to induce the conscience to convert the feelings of inferiority to those of superiority. Just as Adler contended, if corrective factors were disregarded and the individual over-compensated, then an inferiority complex would occur that would foster the danger of the individual becoming power-hungry, egocentric, aggressive or even worse than he or she was before the intervention program, and hence, the notion that the fictive final goal of an intervention program can serve as a persecutory tool. The intervention results indicated that, the client benefited greatly: she could carry out with her normal chores, she related well with the foster care home’s helpers, she loosened up, and above all she was now ready to explore areas of life that she was in denial and distorted. This confirmed what Adler termed as social feeling or community feeling. It also further displayed the importance of holism in personality psychology, as no one can achieve perfection without putting into active consideration his or her social environment. Again, his arguments on social interest were that it is neither inborn nor learned but it is a combination of both. In an innate perspective one can display social interest when he or she smiles when others do so, or a baby showing sympathy for others even without having been taught so. The self and other phenomenon is displayed through the styles of life adopted by individuals. As social beings, human do not exist, they much less thrive, without others, and even the most resolute people-hater formed that hatred in a social context. Adler clarified that the process of compensation, correction, and conversion of inferiority feelings to superiority ones is more than just talking about a persons personality, rather, it entails the style of life of that particular individual. The style of life or just lifestyle is how one live his or her life, how he or she handle problems and interpersonal relations. For instance, the lifestyle of a tree is the individuality of the tree expressing itself and molding itself in an environment. We recognize a tree when we see it against a background of an environment different from what we expect, for then we realize that every tree has a life pattern and is not merely a mechanical reaction to the environment. † Through what can be termed as beautiful methods of relating between a counselor and client, I was able to impart the client with strategies that helped her to respond to the inferiorities that were inherent in her life. This what Adler referred to as compensation: to make up for ones deficiencies in some way. The client learned that the environment that she was leaving in was responsible for her problems, and that her predicaments had nothing to do with foster care homes, her family or other people. This client understood her environment was responsible for her predicaments, this helped her learn to put at watch her anger and anxiety. From a self and others perspective, I gained an insight into Adler’s birth order theory by relating with client Y in the intervention. According to the theory, firstborns are usually pampered before the arrival of second born who ‘dethrones’ them of that status. The young born tend to be overindulged leading to poor social empathy. In a family of three children, the first born tend to suffer a lot as he take scare of the other siblings despite losing the pampered status they once enjoyed, the middle born are not affected by either pampering or overindulgence and therefore they end up being successful in life. Being the first born and having only one sibling, a younger brother, speaks volumes of her problems. The fact that she started living with her aunt at the age of six years and that, her mother has been in and out of jails and has been on drugs most of her life, indicates that she hardly experienced enough parental love. Being the first born means that she was once loved and pampered before the arrival of her brother who according to Adler dethroned her. Again, the fact that she has lived in four demographic areas, shows that, her young life was full of inconsistencies. Her behavior could be explained by the fact that the responsibilities of looking after her brother rests in her shoulders. A combination of factors explains this: the absence of her mother (in jail) and family members and her being the firstborn with a younger brother that lives with her in the foster care home. This knowledge helped me to facilitate the correct doses for compensation, and hence the success of the intervention, just as Adler once asserted that, â€Å"It is easier to fight for one’s principles than live up to them. † The success of the intervention program was as a result of my assuming the traits of a buddy, confidant, showing genuine interest, respecting her, accepting her, supporting her, etc. The tactics that is employed in the interventions are a prototype to Adler’s mode of offering therapy was that of two chairs rather a couch, whereby the client and the counselor sat facing one another. His was democratic affair unlike autocratic, he contended that, therapists should never allow their patients to force them into assuming the role of an authoritarian figure, since this will allow the patient to play games that he or she might have played before such as setting the therapist as a savior only to pounce on him when he starts revealing his humanness. He viewed the failing to turn up for appointments, becoming stubborn or demanding special favors by patients as lack of courage to give up their neurotic behaviors. Patients should not be forced into understanding their lifestyles but rather should be brought into a state of feeling that they are listening and hence they can understand. The therapist should also encourage the patient, by developing a genuine human relationship. [pp. 335] References: Adler, A. (1956). The Individual Psychology, of Alfred Adler. H. L. Ansbacher & R. R. Ansbacher (Eds. ) New York: Harper Torchbooks, accessed on April 4, 2009

Climate Change vs. Global Warming

Climate Change vs. Global Warming Global warming and climate change are sciences odd couple - you hardly hear one mentioned without the other. But much like the confusion that surrounds climate science, this pair is often misunderstood and misused. Lets take a look at what each of these two terms really means, and how (even though theyre often used as synonyms) theyre in fact two very different events. The incorrect interpretation of climate change: A change (usually an increase) in our planets air temperatures. Climate Change Is Non-specific The true definition of climate change is just as it sounds, a change in long-term weather trends - be that rising temperatures, cooling temperatures, changes in precipitation, or what have you. By itself, the phrase carries no presumptions about how the climate is changing, only that a change is occurring. Whats more, these changes could be the result of natural external forces (like an increase or decrease in solar sunspot or Milankovitch Cycles); natural internal processes (like volcanic eruptions or changes in ocean circulations); or human-caused or anthropogenic effects (like the burning of fossil fuels). Again, the phrase climate change doesnt specify the reason for the change. The incorrect interpretation of global warming: Warming due to a human-induced increase in greenhouse gas emissions (like carbon dioxiode). Global Warming Is One Type of Climate Change Global warming describes an increase in Earths average temperature over time. It doesnt mean that temperatures will rise by the same amount everywhere. Neither does it mean that everywhere in the world will get warmer (some locations may not). It simply means that when you consider the Earth as a whole, its average temperature is increasing. This increase could be due to natural or unnatural forces such as an increase in greenhouse gases, particularly from the burning of fossil fuels. Accelerated warming can be measured in Earths atmosphere and oceans. Evidence for global warming can be seen in retreating ice caps, dry lakes, increased habitat reduction for animals (think of the now-infamous polar bear on a lone iceberg), global temperature rises, shifts in weather, coral bleaching, sea-level rise and more. Why People Mix Them Up If climate change and global warming are two very different things, why do we use them interchangeably? Well, when we talk about climate change were usually referring to global warming because our planet is currently experiencing climate change in the form of rising temperatures. And as we know from monikers like FLOTUS and Kimye, the media loves blending words together. Its easier to use climate change and global warming as synonyms (even if it is scientifically incorrect!) than it is to say both. Perhaps climate change and global warming will get its own portmanteau in the near future? How does clowarming sound? The Correct Verbiage If you want to be scientifically correct when talking climate topics, you should say that Earths climate is changing in the form of global warming. According to scientists, it is highly likely that both are being driven by unnatural, human-caused reasons.

Improving organisational and employee performance Essay

Improving organisational and employee performance - Essay Example In order to improve an organisation’s performance, this must occur at both the organisational level and employee levels. At an organisational level, there is adoption of SHRM. SHRM deals with ensuring integration of HR strategy to the corporate one by maintaining competence of their workers to attain a competitive edge in the business environment. SHRM process encompasses coming up with a mission; carrying a close study of the environment and developing a strategy, executing it and gauging its success. From the foregoing, strategies have their formulation at different levels, which may be corporate, business or even functional. SHRM Models involve first, the business oriented one that concentrates on those functions which attain strategic advantage for a firm. The other is the strategic-fit supposed to align any given entity’s strategy to that of the business. We also have the SLAP Model that advocates for interdependence of the business, corporate as well as HR strateg ies. Therefore, an approach to SHRM may be Instrumental, Humanistic or even universalistic. Moreover, a well implemented SHRM concept can yield such advantages as attaining competitive advantage as well as bring coordination for an organisation. However, there are factors known to limit proper SHRM implementation, for instance, fear that it may fail or encounter rejection from employees because it encompasses varied changes. Secondly, managing performance may be done at an employee level by carrying out proper appraisals and ensuring that they are engaged and motivated. In order to have enhanced organisational and employee performances, it is mandatory for an organisation to adopt the best practices or concepts available. Performance management is accorded to Human Resource Managers (HRMs) who must ensure that their employees have the required competencies hence earning an

Leaderships and Ethics in healthcare (hospital mainly) Essay

Leaderships and Ethics in healthcare (hospital mainly) - Essay Example The ethical dilemmas in healthcare environments are further aggravated by factors like inadequate number of physicians to attend to patients, shortage of support staff, consolidation of healthcare organizations, downsizing and cost-cutting measures, and above all ineffective leadership. (Murray, 2010) The response of an individual to such ethical crisis is determined by their prior experiences with unethical behaviour, their individual personality traits, their ethical values and their knowledge of ethical principles (Clancy, 2003). Very few articles in today’s healthcare literature have addressed the issue of ethical leadership in the healthcare industry. This essay looks forward to providing a valuable insight into the twin concepts of leadership and ethics, enumerating the various approaches to ethical leadership and enlisting the criteria for assessing leader, with reference to the healthcare industry. Leadership is defined as the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of goals.The trends in leadership studies reveal a plethora of the different aspects of leadership and yet there is no universally accepted definition or model of a leader. The first dominant framework on leadership was the Trait Theory or the â€Å"Great Men† Theory which was proposed in the early twentieth century. The theory considers personality, social, physical or intellectual traits to differentiate leaders from non-leaders. This theory ascribes conventional qualities like ambition and energy, honesty and integrity, self-confidence, intelligence and knowledge to leaders and holds that leaders are born, not made. Mid-twentieth century saw the rise of the Behaviourist school of leadership which emphasized on the actions and dominant behaviour of the leaders and highlighted the leaders’ behaviour on the job, use of authority and task-relationship orientation. Later, scholars such as F red Fiedler realised that a leader must match his/her situation and leadership style should

Sustainable Urbanism in Lowry Range Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

Sustainable Urbanism in Lowry Range - Essay Example Contemporary planning and development approaches suggest that privately-owned public spaces will be the Twenty-First Century reality for public spaces (Wallace 2005). As a leader in efforts to provide attractive and inclusive public spaces, New Urbanism also continues a development trend of reliance on the private sector’s provision and management of public activity and public space assets. Conflict exists between Constitutionally-protected rights of access, assembly, speech and expression and private property rights to exclude persons and activity. In the status quo, there are regulatory voids of excessive, ambiguous, and inadequate regulations that were attributable to direct private sector control and indirect public sector control. Analysis of the broader public forum regulatory structure for these spaces discovered that public use of certain spaces and certain commercial areas are especially vulnerable to these regulatory voids. Furthermore, it is important to note that e xpress public use rights in the form of public access/use entitlements play a unique role in supporting the public forum status of privately-owned public space (Endress 2005).Such administrative capacity is impeded by a limited understanding of the role of interstitial public spaces, by limited municipal resources for small park spaces, by strong commercial interests with small model development expectations, and by an entrenched property title bias toward bona fide public space assets.

Characteristics of the Market Essay Example for Free

Characteristics of the Market Essay a. National market Processing the small specialty foods with a broad product line and sales of $300 million per year which a food brokers represent the company to the retail food chains by the network. This company more focused on ethnic food specialties which including salad dressings, sauces for Italian pasta and condiments such as specialties pickles. b. Two plants produced product One in the Central Valley of California at Fresno and the other in Illinois south of Chicago which they buy the ingredients from other foods suppliers to avoid the peak seasonal characteristics encountered by food packers. The company production has take place in large quantities to maintain low production costs and assure consistent product quality. c. Generally order on small quantity Company has ordered from supplier amounting to five to six cases per order only or about 150 to 200 pounds at a time. d. Poor delivery However, customers have commented that the company have a poor delivery services because of many of ingredients are shipped over long distances and it has depending on the season. e. Two major department management This is include the Marketing and Sales and also has Production department and several staff units for personnel, purchasing and finance. Both of departments are responsible for marketing the product lines such promotion, product inventory at the public warehouses, providing sales support and also merchandising. There is also a national sales manager who responsibility for maintaining contact with food brokers, coordinating public warehouses and arrange for delivery 1) Case Summary (What’s the issue?) Horizon Foods Corporation (hereafter â€Å"Horizon†) is a still-growing, nationwide foods organization that is widely known for its high quality products. With $300 million sales each year, the firm has been relatively successful so far, gaining good reputation and arousing much interest of the public through its brokers and local retailers. However, as the company prospers and customers demand more, Horizon foresees a coming crisis. The distribution issue, which the company has faced for a while, is now causing stock-outs, and increasing competition in the market is threatening the company’s market share. Authorities involved fail to scrutinize the issue and its cause, and they are eager to blame each other for the problems. The division of labor between two major departments – Marketing and Sales, and Production – seems to need a complete rearrangement for a more efficient process. Horizon should also analyze its current brand positioning in the market and rework its strategies if needed. 2) Q1. What are the characteristics of the market served by the Horizon Foods Corporation? Horizon is a specialty foods processor. It has served a national market composed of food brokers who represent retail store chains. The food brokers make orders to Horizon. Generally, the orders are small. The production is done in two different plants thanks to the ingredients from some food suppliers. The plants are located in agricultural areas to reduce the cost of transportation. Moreover, Horizon produces in large quantities, and the food produced is very good in quality. The production is dispatched to several public warehouses. Then, these warehouses use contract carriers to deliver the products to the customers. Because of the small orders, the transportation cost to retail stores can be high. The market is very competitive since many of Horizon’s food competitors also offer a complete production line

The Reasons To Enter Vietnam Economics Essay

The Reasons To Enter Vietnam Economics Essay 1.0 Introduction Vietnam located at the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula and the center of South East Asia and a tropical country of the northern hemisphere. The government is runs by the Communist Party of Vietnam. In 1995, the population size in Vietnam reached 74million, ranking second in South East Asia, seventh in Asia-Pacific Region and twelfth the world over. The population size was then increased to 95 million people in the year 2010. Vietnam count as a poor country if refer to its own country GDP per person. After Dot Moi came, the national economy has improved at a high rate thus it improved the living standards and national income of local people as well. The country is one of the fastest growing economies in global which had shown a consistent growth rate in the recent years. While according to World Economic Outlook of the International Monetary Fund in 2011, the GDP of Vietnam was increased per capita and develops from lower- income country to middle-income country (Richard Rou sseau, 2011). Coca-Cola entered Vietnams market at 2004 and produced its own vitamin-packed energy drink along with some familiar brands such as Joy, Fanta, Sprite, and others for the local consumers. Besides, Coca-Cola builds three production plants in Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City. Reasons to Enter Vietnam At 2004, Coca-Cola made its first move out from Africa, they decided enters to the Asias markets which include Vietnam. These acquisitions were in line with the Groups growth strategy to expand into emerging markets, in order to underpin the organizations position as an Emerging Markets Specialist (Coca-Cola Sabco History, 2009). The first move of Coca-Cola into Vietnam is based on the new emerge and rapid growth of economy in Vietnam. As the rapid population growth and improvement of economy in Vietnam, Coca-Cola took the opportunity to enter their market. Vietnams economy was growing at between 4% 8% after recovery from the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997.The enhancing of living and educational standards of Vietnamese help in providing employment opportunities to them. The entry of the firm in Vietnamese market able in enhance the economic development and create some job opportunities for the local people. As the soda consumption has reduced in the U.S., Coca-Cola is one of the soft drink industries that increasingly looking to expand their business in countries where there consist of higher national income rate and huge population (Bloomberg Business week New, 2012). This news had shown the reason that Vietnam still able to encourage more investment from Coca-Cola in Vietnam. Moreover, Vietnam relies on the petroleum industry for its local energy consumption and for export; it will cause the economy of Vietnam more stable and attracted many foreign companies direct invest in Vietnam. This had attracted Coca-cola to enter Vietnam markets at 2004. Moreover, the payment for employees in Vietnam is quite low, therefore, it attract foreign companies moving into Vietnam instead of traditional market such as China, India, and Thailand. These all reasons push Coca-Cola chooses Vietnam and made it first move into it to operate its plants there. 2.0 Analysis Gains of entering into a foreign country Political Stability Entering into a foreign country such as Vietnam consists of gains and shortcomings. One of the advantages to enter Vietnam is its political stability. According to Mr. Philippe Delalande in 2010, he mentioned that political stability is one of the factors that have helped Vietnam pursue its economic development policy. Others view from George E. Kobrossy in 2013, General Director of Zamil Steel Vietnam (ZSV) also mention the advantages which help in attracting foreign investors to the country is Vietnams political stability, administrative reform and its efforts in upgrading infrastructure facilities. Coca-Cola faced problems to enter some countries few decades ago due to the politic issues that happened in the country. Standage (n.d) said that Coca-Cola did not exist in the former Soviet Union (Russian) because they worry that the revenue would go transfer to communist government coffers. While Webster (n.d) mention that Coca-Cola not enter French society because Coca-Cola was a mar k of capitalism and a difference between capitalism and communism during Cold War.US brand like Coca-Cola found itself pester in politics, or singled out for criticism although they are not trying to get involved in politics, said Webster. Thus, for the obvious reason, Coca-Cola reentered Vietnams market because of the political stability after Doi Moi (reformation) policy as they feel more assurance in expanding their business in a stable politic country. Foreign Direct Investment One of the gains of Coca-Cola is that Vietnamese government provides many investment incentives for foreign investors, the corporate income tax is low compared to other countries in South East Asia (standard rate is 28% and preferential rates from 10% to 20%). The Foreign Investment Agency reports that by 15 December 2011 Vietnam had attract more than 13,667 foreign investment projects, with a total capital of around RM612 billion (Foreign Investment Agency, 2011). Foreign-invested companies including Coca-Cola accounted for around 27% of the countrys exports, 35% of the countrys total industrial productivity, constituted 13% of GDP, and contributed around 25% of total tax incomes (Vietnam Investment Review, 2001). Thus, there are about US$300 million was announced to invest in Vietnam by Coca-Cola for further capture growing opportunities in one of the most developing consumer markets (Staff, 2012). Under commitments made by Vietnam as part of its agreement to the World Trade Organi zation, Vietnam offered foreign enterprise which included Coca-Cola the general right to import products and sell them to licensed distributors. The process to obtain an investment certificate for foreign-owned company is much easier now. Low labor cost Vietnam is gaining competitive advantage for labor-intensive production industry on the basis of low salary level (Meyer, 2005). In the research on labor costs, Japan labor cost in one month is $1,810, continue by $1,144 in Singapore, $82 in Indonesia, and then Vietnam rank the second lowest place which is US$49 a month and follow by the highest is Cambodia with $47.36 (EuroCham, 2010). Coca-Cola who has chosen to set-up regional offices in Vietnam help Vietnam proven the extensive labor pool is competitive in the market (GLC, 2007). According to the information collected, we found that Coca-Cola Vietnam invest in Vietnam to help boost the local business sales and created 500 new jobs locally in Vietnam while the total labor force that gain this benefit is 99 percent of local Vietnamese (Staff, 2012). This high percentage use of labor force proves that Coca-Cola Vietnam is afforded to hire more local employees due to their low labor cost or low wages. Low production Cost Coca-Cola entering Vietnam because one of the gains is they can exempted from import duties to build fixed assets, such as bottling machinery, means of transport, and production materials that are not produced locally. Additional exemptions are available for raw materials, parts and materials imported for production of goods for export. Coca-Colas revenue in central Vietnam had witnessed a double digit growth over the past few years; three bottling plants of the company produce more than 608 million liters per year in Vietnam (Nordic Industry Development, 2012). Therefore, Coca-Cola beverages Vietnam invested over $3 million into its second Danang-based purified bottle water production chain, with a capacity of up to 6,000 of 500ml bottles per hour due to the low production cost they gain in Vietnam (Nordic Industry Development, 2012). Variety Product Lines that meet Vietnameses Beverages Need Coca-Cola enters Vietnam as they met the demand for hydration, nutrition and energizing refreshment of their customer in Vietnam. Coca-Cola has variety brand of products in Vietnam such as Coca-cola, Coca-cola Light, Fanta, Joy, Minute Maid, Dasani, Real Leaf, Samurai, Schweppes and Sprite. Joy is bottled water drink that pure and has the largest share of 32% compare other brand that company produce. Coca-Cola has the second largest share of 23% continue by Sprite with the percentage of 18% and Fanta which has 17%. Other brands like Samurai obtain 5% from the market share while Minute Maid and Schweppes each occupied 2.5% (Soft drink-Vietnam, 2010). They offer high quality product that meet the need of their target market. For example, Samurai is targeted on the underserved market which is the Vietnamese male adults who need an energy boost, as most of them have heavy workloads. This vitamin-packed energy drink is fortified with six essential B vitamins and has an exciting and refres hing taste with a carbonated, sweet flavor that appeals to the Vietnamese palate and popular among the target group. (Coca Cola Sabco, 2009) Shortcomings of entering into a foreign country Unable to generate wholly-owned subsidiary business One of the shortcomings of Coca-Cola in Vietnam is that foreign-based companies are generally not able to have wholly-owned subsidiary without production in the country. Therefore, importers would normally cooperate with local partners. (Nguyen Meyer, 2004). This had caused Coca-Cola lost a great opportunity in generating more profits. Coca-Cola started-up their bottling plants through joining venture with local Vietnamese partner using the name of Coca-Cola Vietnam. (DDDN, 2013) With the holding only 60 percents of the venture, Coca Cola has limited control over the resources, information and financial leverage to expand their business model and caused this business to be unprofitable. (à lvarez, 2003) According to Ho Chi Minh City Department of Taxation, Coca-Colas cumulative losses are US$180.6 million, even bigger than its equity of US$141.6 million and Coca Cola was doubted that having transfer pricing. (TuoiTreNews, 2012). Limited Control There a major part of Vietnamese business still owned and controlled by the government and local authorities although there is dramatically growth of private business in Vietnam in recent years (Embassy, 2005). State ownership is still dominant, and issues like informal business practices or land leasing still cause headaches to foreign investors. From the information we analyze, we believe that Coca-Cola also face more difficulties in accessing bank financing, land, and other critical resources that private and smaller enterprises faced the same problems (Tenev, 2003). Coca-Cola as a foreign investors enter Vietnam this Communist country need follow their culture and unfortunately control as well as restricted their business operation in order to continue survive in Vietnam. We believe that Coca-Cola need to have personal relationships in order to sustain their business under Vietnams control because there are some enterprises also follow the same culture with Coca-Cola. There are 4 0 percent of the enterprises believed they had to have personal relationships to receive allocated and transferred lands if regarding to the land use procedures (Vietna.net Bridge, 2012). Drinking Water Problems The last shortcoming of entering Vietnam is about drinking water problems. Drinking water is a key element for healthy life and it is a cornerstone for sustainable community. Most of the consumers of beverages who are concern of the water resource and it will directly affect their purchase decision. (Dickson, 2005)Thus for this obvious reason, Coca cola acknowledged that clean water is critical to operate in sustainable community like Vietnam. In many part of Vietnam, clear water is still a dream. However, Coca-Cola wasted 2.43 liters of water just to produce 1 liter of beverage on average. (Kenan Institute Asia , 2010) Thus, it has given a big impact toward the environment. Our business can only be as healthy as the local communities where we operate; access to clean water is one of the most important barometers of a communitys health. by Muhtar Kent, Chairman and CEO, the Coca-Cola Company. Coca Cola also understand that the issue of water wastage for the production not only affect s the ecology and environment but it affects the corporate image of their company as well. 3.0 Recommendations In past decades, Coca-Cola adopted joint venture with the local partners to penetrate into the Vietnamese market. However, many partners had quit the venture as they unable to bear with the consecutive  loss made. These losses are basically caused by the unnecessary spending and poor cash flow in the business. Thus, in order overcome the problem, jointing venture with local partner such as Chuong Duong Beverage Co. is not sufficient to expand their business efficiently, Coca-Cola should joint venture with other foreign firms who are large enough to support them in term of financial and management as well as serve the demand of the market. For instance, the PepsiCo. has jointed venture with Japanese beverage and wellness company Suntory Holdings Ltd. in Vietnam in order to sustain long term growth in Vietnamese market. As Suntory has a consolidated business foundation in South-East Asian markets, PespiCo is boosting its current market position in order to compete with their competit ors. (RTT , 2012) Beside, In order to generate more revenue, Coca-Cola should follow the footsteps of FedEx to consider in application for wholly-owned subsidiary. FedEx is expected to be the firm that having 100 percents of subsidiary in Vietnam. This could help them to have long-term commitment in Vietnamese market as they able to take advantage in this growing market. (Linh, 2012) In order to solve the limited control problems, Coca-Cola can establish a harmonious relationship with the local authorities since it easier to solve bureaucratic problems if and when they occur especially in Communist country. Relations with local and central authorities can be developed as cooperative relationships, and networking and building personal relationships is recommended to expand their business in Vietnam. Coca-Cola Company should build a close relationship with government so that they will provide more subsidies and privileges to Coca-Cola including the decreasing cost in power usage and cheaper raw materials. Gifts to the appropriate persons and doing more charity to the poverty residents may enhance the atmosphere and smooth the business process given that sending presents is part of traditional Vietnamese culture. Coca-Cola spent over 5milions to 2.1 billion populations in Pacific for the effort of managing the clean water resources with the Community Water Partnership (CWP) program .For example, in Vietnam, Coca-Cola enhances their corporate image and improving the water quality through the Plain of Reeds Wetland Restoration Project and Clean Water for Communities (Phase II), more than 10,000 Vietnam residents able to access to the clear water through. (Staff, 2012) However, these programs dont really have a significant improvement to clean water issue. Thus, in order to achieve efficiency and effectiveness for the business and production operation, Coca-Cola needs to have advance water recovery system besides their CWP program. Water resources always is the global challenges for the beverages company especially operate in country like Vietnam who facing serious issue of clean water. Indeed, Coca-Cola claimed that the technology that they developed not only can reduce operational water needs but it also improves water use efficiency by up to 35percents. (The Coca Cola company, 2012). However, we believe that this technology can be improved by learning from competitors innovation such as PepsiCo. With the helping of Siemens Industry Automation Division PepsiCo has installed an integrated reuse solution at Santiagos snack plantation. It helps the manufacturing facility in increasing its wastewater treatment capacity by 20percents and it is a beneficial technology that incorporating environmental. Besides, the system will reduce 70 percents of fresh water consumption. (Warrendale, 2012) Nonetheless, as we all know these two giant beverage companies were competed aggressively in the industry over a century. Additional, one of the competitive advantages of these companies to retain their uniqueness is their innovation and technology. Therefore, if these two companies could alliance themselves in term of sharing their technology among themselves to solve the water wastage issue it could bring a better water quality to Vietnamese as well as enhances their production especially the bottling process. Since they have the same interest, they can cooperate under the Strategic alliance basis. Strategic alliances are agreements between companies that remain independent and are often in competition. (R.J., 1999). Many alliances are designed in order to seek for improvement in volume, divide fixed costs of production and distribution. A very good example Coca-Cola can refer is the alliance of Nestlà ¨ and Haagen-Dazs. We believe we can grow better together than separately said a Diageo spokesperson. Nestlà ¨ would contribute its frozen dessert technology, while Haagen Dazs would contribute to distribution through the network of points of sale with its name. (E, 1999). The alliance of these two companies for production and marketing has allowed Nestlà ¨ sought to build critical mass in the ice cream sector and a way to reduce costs by operating its plants in California and Maryland at full capacity. (Pellicelli, 2003) Besides, further improvement in competitive advantages can be done through improving Coca-Colas variety product lines. As we know few of the Coca-Cola product lines like Samurai, Coke Light, and Joy win a competitive advantage in Vietnams market. If compare to Coca-Cola biggest competitor markets strategy, PepsiCo had entered the food market and earn over $13 million to their business. Besides, PepsiCo also engaged in snack food which brand under Frito-Lay to gain more markets share. Thus, we suggest that Coca-Cola Company also can increase their market share by extends their product brand in snack as what PepsiCo done. Coca-Cola Company can invest in a new snack brand to attract more consumers in the Vietnam food market. This strategy can be effectively and efficiently implement because snack food is commonly consumed by Vietnamese families but Vietnamese will consume snack food that import from United State due to its lower price (What We Eat to Help Us Grow, 2010). Coca-Cola Compa ny can produce healthy snack food with lower price to attract Vietnamese who focus in health such as Frito Lay which their tasting chips are low fat and ingredient all are natural which contain no artificial colors, flavors or preservatives (Pepsico, 2012). 4.0 Conclusion Coca-cola as a global leader in beverages industry offer hundreds of brand over the world had entered Vietnam market by offer quality product that can be trust and fulfill the need of Vietnamese. Coca-Cola Company help people lead to an active and healthy lifestyle by provide the information of the beverages. Coca-Cola Company announcement an investment plan of invest $300 million in Vietnam over the next three years to build new infrastructure, create jobs, develop strong partnerships and build its brands in the country.   In the research, we found that enter to Vietnam market have it advantages and disadvantages. After we analyze, we realize that the gains of Coca-Cola is more than shortcomings after enter Vietnam. In order to overcome the shortcomings, Coca-Cola needs to adopt immediate solution and effective strategies in order to strengthen their market position in Vietnam.